EMS诱导的盛农1号小麦突变体筛选与鉴定

突变体诱导是创造小麦遗传材料和选育新品种的重要途径之一。通过甲基磺酸乙酯（EMS）处理高产、抗白粉病品系盛农1号，从4 500个M₂代穗系中筛选出174个突变体穗系，突变率为3.86%。其中，穗部突变体32个，突变率为0.71%；叶部突变体47个，突变率为0.89%；茎部突变体22个，突变率为0.49%；育性和成熟期突变体12个，突变率为0.27%；其他类型突变体11个，突变率为0.24%；农艺性状优于对照盛农1号的突变体57个，突变率为1.27%。经过M₃代验证及生物学性状和农艺性状调查，获得可稳定遗传的株系18个，其中，穗部突变体6个，茎秆突变体1个，叶部突变体6个，早熟突变体3个，晚熟突变体2个。农艺性状分析表明，穗部突变体SS4、SS5、SS6和SS16的小穗性状优于盛农1号。这些新突变体为小麦品种改良和遗传研究提供了新的材料。

Selection and Identification of the EMS-Induced Wheat Mutants from Shengnong 1

Mutant induction is one of the important approaches to generate new germplasms for wheat genetic study and breeding. A powdery mildew resistant wheat line Shengnong 1 was treated with ethyl methane sulfonate(EMS), and 174 mutated spike lines were screened out from 4 500 spike lines at M₂ generation, with a mutation frequency of 3.86%. Of them, 32 lines were spike mutants, with a mutation frequency of 0.71%, 47 lines were leaf mutants, with a mutation frequency of 0.89%; 22 lines were stem mutants, with a mutation frequency of 0.49%; 12 lines were mutants of fecundity and maturation traits, with a mutation frequency of 0.27%; 11 lines were the other kinds of mutants, with a mutation frequency of 0.24%, and 57 mutants had better agronomic traits than Shengnong 1, with a mutation frequency of 1.27%. In total, 18 stably inherited lines were obtained by detailed agronomic trait investigation at M₃ generation. Among them, there were six homozygous spike mutants with good agronomic traits, one stem mutant, six leaf mutants, three early-maturing mutants, and two late-maturing mutants. The analysis of agronomic traits showed that the spikelet traits of spike mutants SS4, SS5, SS6 and SS16 were better than that of Shengnong 1. In this study, a set of new mutants were obtained which could be applied for variety improvement and genetic research.