水氮交互对弱筋小麦蔗糖含量和籽粒淀粉积累及品质的影响

为了解弱筋小麦产量和品质的水氮调控效应,于2003~2004年度在大田条件下研究了水氮因素及其交互作用对弱筋小麦旗叶蔗糖合成、籽粒淀粉积累、产量和品质性状的影响。结果表明,就弱筋小麦品种豫麦50而言,150kg/hm2的氮肥用量有利于促进旗叶蔗糖合成,增加籽粒淀粉积累量和籽粒产量,而氮肥施用量过多(270kg/hm2)或全生育期不施氮肥均不利于弱筋小麦产量和品质的形成;在试验条件下,灌拔节水 灌浆水(花后15d)有利于后期旗叶蔗糖合成和籽粒淀粉积累,其籽粒产量最高,品质性状最优;而灌拔节水(1水)或拔节水 灌浆水 麦黄水(3水)均不利于旗叶蔗糖合成和籽粒淀粉积累,导致籽粒产量和品质不同程度的下降。从水、氮的交互效应看,以全生育期施氮量150kg/hm2并保证拔节水和灌浆水是弱筋小麦较为理想的水氮运筹方式。

Effects of Interaction of Irrigation Times and Nitrogen Application Rates on Sucrose Content and Starch Accumulation in Both Flag Leaves and Grains of Weak-Gluten Wheat

To evaluate the effects of irrigation and nitrogen application and their interactions on starch accumulation and quality traits in grains of weak-gluten wheat, field experiment was carried out by using a weak-gluten wheat cultivar, Yumai 50, in the growth season 2003~2004. The results indicated that, as for cv. Yumai 50, nitrogen application rate of 150 kg/hm 2 enhanced both sucrose content in flag leaves and starch content in grains, and thus significantly increased grain yield. Whereas the treatments of high nitrogen application rate (270 kg/hm 2) and no nitrogen applied were not helpful to high yield and quality. Under this particular experimental conditions, twice irrigations (at Jointing stage plus grain filling stage) improved sucrose content in flag leaves and starch accumulation in grains, resulting in the highest grain yield. Whereas, either one (only at Jointing stage) or three-time irrigations (at Jointing stage, grain filling stage and maturity) decreased grain yield and quantity of weak-gluten wheat to some extent. Under the experiment, the nitrogen application of 150 kg/hm 2 and twice irrigations (at Jointing stage plus grain filling stage) were the ideal method for weak-gluten.