N、P营养对旱地小麦生理过程和产量形成的补偿效应研究进展

本文主要介绍了干旱情况下,氮、磷营养对小麦主要生理过程和产量形成的补偿效应的研究进展情况,并分析了养分对提高小麦WUE和产量的作用机理。氮、磷营养对旱地小麦的作用机理和作用效果并不相同。一般来讲,在严重水分胁迫时,磷营养能显著促进根系发育,改善植株水分状况,提高产量和水分利用效率;而在轻度水分胁迫下,氮素的施用效果较好。氮、磷养分的合理配施具有时效互补性和功能互补性。因此在旱地小麦生产中应强调养分的合理配施。

Progress on Compensative Effects of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Physiological Processes and Yield Formation of Wheat in Dryland

Studies on compensative effects of nitrogen and phosphorus on some main physiological processes (such as photosynthesis, transpiration and so on) and yield of wheat under water stress were reviewed, and the mechanism of mineral nutrition in increasing WUE and yield of wheat in dryland were analyzed. The mechanisms and effects of nitrogen and phosphorus on wheat in dryland were different. Phosphorus might stimulate root growth, improve water condition and increase yield and WUE remarkably under severe water stress. Compensative effects of nitrogen were evident under mild water stress. When nitrogen and phosphorus were in couples, they might supplement one another in the growth stages and the function. It was, therefore, rational application of nitrogen and phosphorus should be emphasized in dryland farming.