小麦产量和品质对不同类型土壤和施氮处理的响应

为了解小麦产量和品质对不同类型土壤和施氮处理的响应，以津强11号为试验材料，研究不同类型土壤（黑土、潮土）和施氮处理（不施肥、底施、三叶期施、拔节期施、抽穗期施）对春小麦产量和品质的调控效应。结果表明，土壤养分含量较高的黑土更有利于小麦穗部性状及产量和品质的提高，黑土处理小麦的总小穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、籽粒产量较潮土分别提高5.76%、28.07%、18.37%和38.4%，蛋白质含量及其产量提高14.35%和38.37%，差异均极显著（P<0.01)。不同施氮处理间比较，穗部性状与籽粒产量均以拔节期施氮最高；各施氮处理较不施氮处理籽粒谷蛋白含量均大幅度提高，以抽穗期施氮的籽粒蛋白质含量最高。黑土和潮土中，在拔节期或抽穗期追肥均可以有效提高小麦籽粒产量和品质。籽粒圆度表现为潮土>黑土，其他籽粒性状在各处理间均无显著差异。

Responses of Yield and Quality of Wheat to Different Soil Types and Nitrogen Treatments

In order to understand the response of yield and quality of wheat to different types of soil and nitrogen application,Jinqiang 11 was used as experimental material. The effects of different soil types(black soil and alluvial soil) and nitrogen treatments(no fertilization,basal application,three-leaf application,jointing application and heading application) on the yield and quality of spring wheat were studied. The results showed that,black soil with higher soil nutrient content is more beneficial to the improvement of spike character,yield and quality of wheat,of which the total spikelet,kernel number perspike,1 000-grain weight,grain yield were increased by 5.76%,28.07%,18.37% and 38.4%.Protein content and yield increased by 14.35% and 38.71%,the differences were significant(P<0.01). The spike traits and grain yield reached the maximum at jointing stage,and the grain protein content increased significantly under nitrogen application compared with that without nitrogen application,and the protein content under fertilizer application at heading stage was the highest. In both black soil and alluvial soil,top dressing at jointing stage or heading stage effectively improved grain yield and quality of wheat. The roundness of grain ranked as alluvial soil>black soil,and there was no significant difference in other grain traits among different treatments.