内蒙古河套灌区春小麦高产节水灌溉制度研究

为给河套灌区春小麦高产节水灌溉制度的建立提供理论依据,2006-2007年在内蒙古河套平原浅层地下水灌区,研究了不同灌水处理下春小麦产量形成、耗水组成及水分利用效率的特点.结果表明,随着灌水量的增加,小麦生育期总耗水量明显增加,而水分利用效率显著降低;总耗水的增加主要是由于灌溉水消耗增多所致,地下水补给量则随灌水量增加呈明显减少趋势.小麦生育期总灌水量与产量和水分利用效率均呈抛物线关系,产量达峰值时的灌水量大于水分利用效率达峰值时的灌水量.综合两年试验结果得出,在秋季浇足底墒水的基础上,春浇2水是实现春小麦节水与高产相统一的最佳灌溉模式,即在小麦分蘖至拔节期、抽穗至开花期灌2次水,每次灌水750～1050 m3·hm 2,产量和水分利用效率可分别达到6750 kg·hm-2和1.75 kg·m-3以上.

Study on the Irrigation Schedule for High yield and Water saving Production of Spring Wheat in Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia

A field experiment was conducted for two consecutive years (2006 and 2007) to study the effects of irrigation on grain yield, compositions of water consumption and water use efficiency of spring wheat in shallow groundwater area in the Hetao irrigation district of Inner Mongolia. The results demonstrated that the water consumption during the whole growth season significantly increased with the increasing irrigation rates, while water use efficiency (WUE) and groundwater recharge decreased with the increasing irrigation rates on spring wheat. The studies also observed that two parabolic relationships (y=ax+bx+c) existed between the irrigation rates and economic yield, and between the irrigation rates and WUE during the whole growth season. The irrigation rates for the highest yield were higher than the irrigation rates when the highest WUE was observed. Under enough autumn irrigation's condition, the irrigation was performed two times before elongation and after heading stage which could be considered as the optimal selection to maintain high yield and water saving. When the irrigation water amount of 750~1 050 m³·hm^-2 was applied at each time, the economic yield and WUE were increased up to 6 750 kg·hm^-2 and 1.75 kg·m^-3, respectively.