小麦不同外植体的组织培养效果研究

良好的组织培养效果是提高植物基因转化效率的基础。以山东省近年来育成并大面积推广的10个优良品种（系）为材料，对这些品种的花药、幼穗、幼胚和成熟胚的组织培养效果进行研究，旨在筛选每一基因型最适合于组织培养的外植体类型，为应用基因工程技术进行小麦遗传改良提供基础材料。结果表明，禽伤诱导率和再生成苗率与基因型和外植体类型（花药、幼穗、幼胚和成熟胚）密切相关。8802在花药和成熟胚培养中表现突出，花药出愈率达119．5％，愈伤分化成苗率19．9％;烟农19的幼穗愈伤直接分化成苗率最高，这43．5％；8802、烟农19和潍麦8号三个基因型的幼胚培养效果差异不显著，其愈伤分化成苗率分别为26．3％、24．5％和24．8％。蔗糖浓度在3％～9％之间，对成熟胚的愈伤组织诱导率影响很小。高浓度蔗糖降低愈伤生长速度。在一定蔗糖浓度下，愈伤诱导率与2，4-D浓度密切相关，高浓度的2，4-D对愈伤组织再生不利。MS＋4mg／L2，4-D对于成熟胚的脱分化相对较好，MS和MS＋0．4mg／L NAA＋0．6mg／L KT作为成熟胚的愈伤组织再生培养基，对不同基因型具有一定的适用性。

Tissue Culture Efficiency of Different Explants from Wheat

High frequency of callus induction and plant regeneration of recipients are very important for genetic transformation.Ten wheat cultivars and advanced lines were used to compare their tissue culture response.Significant(differences) were observed in callus induction and plant regeneration capacity of different genotypes and different explants.Line 8802 had the highest induction rate of embryogenesis and green plant regeneration,immature inflorescences from Yannong19 had the highest plant regeneration capacity.Immature embryos culture efficiency among the cultivars of 8802,Yannong 19 and Weimai 8 were similar,i.e.,26.3%,(24.5%),(24.8%),respectively.Sucrose concentration of medium ranging from 3% to 9% had no(significant) effects on callus induction of mature embryos.Higher concentration of sucrose decreased the growth of callus,concentration of 2,4-D in induction medium was associated with green plant regeneration.Medium of MS+4mg/L 2,4-D showed comparable callus induction capacity than other media,plant regeneration of callus from mature embryos on media MS and MS+0.4 mg/L NAA + 0.6 mg/L KT had no significant differences.