干旱灌区固定道耕作对土壤水热效应及春小麦产量的影响

为提高干旱灌区小麦节水生产技术，依托2005年开始的定位试验，以传统耕作（CT）为对照，对固定道平作（ZT）和固定道垄作（PRB）下土壤温度、土壤水分和春小麦产量的变化进行了分析。结果表明，PRB可增加0～80 cm土层土壤水分含量，小麦出苗期至收获期不同土层土壤含水量为PRB>ZT>CT。在小麦播种期至出苗期，PRB土壤升温较慢，拔节期至收获期0～15 cm土层土壤温度变化趋势为PRB>ZT>CT。随着种植年限的增加，PRB保护性耕作对小麦具有明显的增产效应，穗粒数的增加是其增产的主要因素。PRB和ZT处理4年平均水分利用效率分别比对照提高了46.88%和12.96%。PRB处理节水增产效果明显，可作为干旱灌区小麦节水栽培新技术进行推广。

Effect of Permanent Raised Bed on Moisture and Thermal of Soil and Yield of Spring Wheat in Arid Irrigation Area

In order to increase the wheat-planting technique at arid area,based on long-term trials started in 2005,the soil temperature,soil moisture and yield were studied on spring wheat with the treatments of controlled traffic (ZT),permanent raised bed (PRB) and conventional tillage (CT). The results revealed that the soil moisture in 0 to 80 cm soil layer of PRB was increased and it changed as PRB>ZT>CT from emergence stage to harvest. Before the emergence stage,the soil temperature rose slowly,but it changed as PRB>ZT>CT in 0 to 15 cm layer from elongation to harvest. The yield of spring wheat for PRB was increased obviously with the planting year increased. The increase of grain number per spike was the main reason of yield increasing. Average water use efficiency of four years for PRB and ZT increased by 46.88 % and 12.96% compared to CT,respectively. The results showed that water-saving effects of PRB was remarkable and it will become a novel water-saving technology in irrigation area.