甘肃小麦品种（系）面筋强度和糯蛋白基因分布规律研究

高分子量麦谷蛋白、 1B/1R易位系和糯蛋白基因是影响小麦面包、面条和馒头加工品质的重要因素。为明确甘肃省小麦品种（系）品质状况，用 Dx 5、 By8、 By9、Bx7^OE、 1B/1R、Wx等基因的特异性分子标记鉴定其对应基因在甘肃4个麦区298份小麦材料中的存在状况。结果表明，甘肃省小麦品种（系）中被检测基因分布频率在不同生态区域存在一定差异，从西部到东南部， Dx 5、 By8、Bx7^OE、 Wx-B 1b基因的检出频率逐渐降低，而 By9基因和1B/1R易位系检出频率逐渐升高；春小麦中 Dx 5（46.4%）、 By8（26.1%）、Bx7^OE（1.4%）、 Wx-B 1b（14.4%）基因的检出频率明显高于冬小麦中 Dx 5（26.3%）、 By8（25.0%）、Bx7^OE（0）、 Wx-B 1b（7.5%）基因的检出频率；但春小麦 By9（34.8%）基因、 1B/1R易位系（27.5%）检出频率低于冬小麦 By9（41.3%）、 1B/1R（38.8%）的被检出频率。面筋强度和糯蛋白基因的分布频率表明甘肃省小麦品种（系）用于加工面包、面条和馒头的品质状况较差，且从西部到东南部品质逐渐变劣，春小麦品质优于冬小麦。甘肃省大部分小麦品种（系）仅适宜于加工普通馒头和面条。

Characterization of Distribution Frequency of Genes Associated with Gluten Strength and Waxy Protein in Gansu Province

The genes associated with HMW-GS,1B/1R translocation and waxy protein in common wheat affect its processing quality of bread,noodle and steamed bread. In order to understand quality status of Gansu wheat cultivars (lines), Dx 5, By8, By9,Bx7^OE, 1B/1R and Wx genes were identified using gene-specific molecular markers. The results showed that the distribution frequencies of genes detected were different in various ecological regions of Gansu,and the frequency of Dx 5, By8,Bx7^OE, Wx-B 1b decreased from western to southeastern areas,but those of By9, 1B/1R translocation increased. Frequency of Dx 5(46.4%), By8(26.1%),Bx7^OE(1.4%) and Wx-B 1b(14.4%) in spring wheat was higher than that of Dx 5(26.3%), By8(25.0%),Bx7^OE(0) and Wx-B 1b (7.5%) in winter wheat,whereas frequency of By9(34.8%) and 1B/1R(27.5%) in spring wheat was lower than that of By9(41.3%) and 1B/1R(38.8%) in winter wheat. Distribution frequency of genes associated with gluten strength and waxy protein indicated the quality of wheat cultivars,which decreased from west to south-east,was not good in Gansu province,and quality of spring wheat was better than that of winter wheat; most of them are served to process common noodle and steamed bread.