稻麦两熟制不同耕作方式与秸秆还田对小麦产量和品质的影响

为给稻套麦的高产栽培和秸秆科学还田提供理论依据,通过大田小区和网室水泥池微区的3年定位试验,比较研究了稻麦两熟条件下免耕套播秸秆覆盖、免耕套播高茬、翻耕秸秆还田、翻耕秸秆不还田(CK)4个耕作方式处理对小麦产量和品质的影响.结果表明,在同期同量播种条件下,免耕套种小麦穗数较少,千粒重较高,第一年实际产量略低.但随着连续免耕时间的延长,残留秸秆较多,稻田水绵严重,影响套种小麦出苗,免耕处理产量明显降低,免耕秸轩覆盖还田比翻耕不还田平均降低7.27%,因而必须改变播种方式或轮耕.耕翻秸秆覆盖还田在麦季的产量有增有减,比翻耕不还田平均减产1%左右.免耕与秸秆还田条件下虽然小麦容重降低,但出粉率提高,小麦的加工品质改善.在土壤肥力较低时,免耕处理小麦的蛋白质和湿面筋含量有降低趋势;而秸秆覆盖还田可提高蛋白质和湿面筋含量,有利于改善中强筋专用小麦的品质.

Comprehensive Evaluation of Tillage and Straw Returning on Wheat Yield and Quality in a Wheat-rice Double Cropping System

To investigate the effects of tillage and straw returning on wheat yield and quality,an experiment of 4 treatments(no-tillage straw mulching,NTS;no-tillage high stubble remaining,NTH;conventional tillage straw incorporation,CTS and conventional tillage no straw returning,CT) was executed in a wheat-rice double cropping system.The experiment was conducted under field condition and micro-plots in isolated concrete ponds for three consecutive years.Results showed that the number of spikes under NTS and NTH was smaller,but the kilo-grain weight was higher under the same planting date and seeding amount.The grain yield was slightly but not significantly lower under NTS in the first year.With more lodged stubble and weeds in the second and third year,no-tillage cultivation affected wheat germination and seedling emergence,leading to a significant decrease in wheat yield.On average,the grain yield in NTS treatment was 7.27% lower than that in CT.In order to increase grain yield,seeding method must be optimized,or rotation tillage must be adopted.Compared with CT,CTS had higher or lower wheat yield in different years.Its average yield in 3 years was 1% lower than that of CT.The wheat test weight under NTS was low,but flour rate was high,with the best processing quality.When the soil was infertile,the protein content and wet gluten content tended to decrease.While NTS and CTS increased the protein and wet gluten content,which was beneficial to the processing quality of strong(or middle) gluten wheat.