长江中下游麦区主要小麦品种穗发芽抗性及鉴定方法比较

为了解长江中下游麦区当前推广小麦品种抗穗发芽的特性,采用整穗发芽法、整粒发芽法和半粒发芽法鉴定了20个小麦品种的穗发芽抗性。结果表明,品种间穗发芽抗性存在显著差异,扬麦16、扬麦18、扬麦20、扬麦22、扬辐麦4号、宁麦16等13个品种穗发芽抗性较好,宁麦17、宁麦19、镇麦6号、镇麦8号、镇麦9号、扬麦13和扬麦14等6个品种穗发芽抗性中等,郑麦9023易穗发芽;20个品种的整穗发芽率和取穗当天整粒发芽率差异不显著,且两种方法的发芽率呈极显著正相关,说明整穗发芽法和整粒发芽法都可用于穗发芽抗性鉴定;整粒发芽法中取穗当天与取穗10d后籽粒发芽率较为一致,且极显著正相关,说明这一时段内都可进行抗穗发芽鉴定;取穗30d后所有红粒品种的发芽率都极显著提高,说明此时种子休眠开始解除。18个红粒小麦品种的半粒发芽率极显著高于整粒发芽率,说明种皮对穗发芽有较强的抑制作用。白粒品种郑麦9023收获30d后发芽率与收获当天穗上发芽率、籽粒发芽率,整粒法与半粒法发芽率差异均不显著,说明该品种几乎无休眠特性,且其种皮对穗发芽的抑制作用较小。

Resistance of Pre harvest Sprouting of Wheat Cultivars Planted in the Valley of Middle and Lower Reach of Yangtze River and Comparison of the Identification Methods

In order to provide guidance for the selection of cultivars for the valley of middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River, Pre harvest Sprouting resistance of 20 main cultivars were studied by germination test of spike, whole seed, half seed, and whole seed at 10 days and 30 days after harvesting. The results indicated that there was significant difference on PHS resistances among those cultivars, Zhengmai 9023 was highly susceptive to PHS, Ningmai 17, Ningmai 19, Zhenmai 9 and other 3 cultivars had moderate resistance to PHS, and 13 cultivars such as Yangmai 18,Yangmai 20, Yangmai 22, Yangmai 16 and Ningmai 16 had strong resistance to PHS. The results by germination rate for spike and seed of 20 cultivars were significantly and positively correlated, and there was no significant difference in the average germination rate of spike and seed. It indicated that both spike and seed germination could be used to test the resistance to PHS. As the germination rate for the seed harvested at the day and that at 10 days later were highly consistent and they were significantly and positively correlated, which suggested that sprouting test could be done using seeds harvested in this period. The germination rates of all red grain wheat at 30 days after harvest were significantly increased, probably due to the seed dormancy had been broken. The germination rate of 18 red grain wheat of 20 by half grain method was significantly higher than that by whole grain method. It suggested that the seed coat had strong inhibitory effect on PHS. The germination rate of white grain wheat Zhengmai 9023 was no significant difference between seeds at the harvest day to one month late, and between the whole grain and half grain method. It indicated that this cultivar had nearly no dormancy, and the seed coat restriction to pre harvest sprouting was less.