磷素水平对小麦突变体农艺性状和品质特性的影响

为丰富磷高效小麦遗传资源，分析了小麦纤维素相关基因突变体（ZC5和ZC7，为郑麦9023经EMS诱导的脆杆小麦）及其野生型（小麦品种郑麦9023）在三种磷素水平下（0、105、210 kg·hm^-2）、不同发育时期的相关生理指标和成熟期农艺和品质性状。结果表明，基因型、磷水平和基因型与磷水平互作均对旗叶叶面积、旗叶SPAD值和籽粒淀粉含量有一定影响，影响程度因生育时期而异。不同处理小麦灌浆过程符合Logistic生长规律，籽粒干物质积累均呈“慢－快－慢”的变化趋势。基因型和磷水平均对成熟期籽粒蛋白质含量和全磷含量有极显著影响；基因型对成熟期株高、有效小穗数、穗粒数及千粒重有极显著影响。相关分析表明，籽粒渐增期灌浆速率和干物质积累量、快增期干物质积累量和旗叶SPAD值均与千粒重呈极显著正相关，籽粒渐增期、快增期持续时间和淀粉含量均与千粒重呈显著正相关。ZC5为磷敏感材料，施磷能提前ZC5最大灌浆速率出现日期，提高其最大灌浆速率和平均灌浆速率，且随着施磷量的增加籽粒蛋白质和全磷含量增加。纤维素合成相关基因突变对旗叶SPAD值、叶面积、籽粒淀粉含量、蛋白质含量、全磷含量、株高、有效小穗数、穗粒数和千粒重均存在显著影响。通过化学诱变改良小麦细胞壁成分可为小麦育种提供丰富的遗传资源。

Effect of Different Phosphorus Levels on Agronomic Traits and Quality Characteristics of Wheat Mutants

Insufficient utilization of phosphorus is one of the important factors restricting wheat production. In order to enrich the genetic resources of phosphorus-efficient wheat, this study used cellulose-related gene mutants as test materials to study the related physiological indices and agronomic and quality traits of wheat mutants(ZC5 and ZC7 are brittle wheat induced by EMS derived from Zhengmai 9023) and wild type (wheat variety Zhengmai 9023) at different developmental stages under three phosphorus levels(0 kg·hm^-2,105 kg·hm^-2,210 kg·hm^-2). The results showed that genotype, phosphorus treatment and the interaction of genotype and phosphorus had certain effects on the dynamic changes of flag leaf area, flag leaf SPAD value and starch content, but the effects varied with different sampling periods. The grain filling process of different treatments accorded with Logistic growth law, and the grain dry matter accumulation showed a trend of '' slow-fast-slow ''. Genotype and phosphorus treatment had significant effects on grain protein content and total phosphorus content at maturity stage. Genotype had significant effects on plant height, effective spike, grain number per spike, and 1 000-grain weight at maturity. Correlation analysis showed that the grain filling rate and accumulation during the gradual increase period, the accumulation during the rapid increase period, and the SPAD value of flag leaf were significantly positively correlated with 1 000-grain weight. The duration of grain filling and starch content were significantly positively correlated with 1 000-grain weight.ZC5 is a phosphorus sensitive material. Phosphorus increased flag leaf area and grain starch content of ZC5, advanced the date of maximum filling rate, increased the maximum filling rate and average filling rate, and increased grain protein and total phosphorus content with the increase of phosphorus application. Mutations of cellulose synthesis related genes in materials used in this study had significant effects on flag leaf SPAD value, leaf area, grain starch content, protein content, total phosphorus content, plant height, effective spikelet number, grain number per spike, and thousand-grain weight. The process of improving wheat cell wall components can provide rich genetic variation resources.