不同土壤质地条件下小麦旗叶全氮和籽粒蛋白质含量的变化

为了给小麦高产优质栽培提供依据,于2003～2005年在连续两年池栽条件下,以面筋含量高、中、低三种冬小麦品种藁麦8901、豫麦49和洛麦1号为供试材料,研究粘、壤、砂三种土壤质地对旗叶全氮含量和蛋白质积累的影响.试验结果表明,花后叶片含氮量逐渐下降,花后5～40 d,旗叶全氮含量表现为粘土＞壤土＞砂土.不同冬小麦品种籽粒蛋白质含量均呈现前高后低又升高的积累变化规律.其中,低筋品种洛麦1号和中筋品种豫麦49在壤土条件下蛋白质含量较高,高筋品种藁麦8901在粘土条件下籽粒蛋白质含量较高.高筋品种藁麦8901籽粒蛋白质积累速率高峰期早于其它两类品种.低筋品种洛麦1号在砂土、中筋品种豫麦49在粘土种植条件下籽粒蛋白质产量较低;藁麦8901以粘土种植条件下籽粒蛋白质产量较高.籽粒蛋白质含量与旗叶全氮含量均呈正相关关系.因此,土壤质地对小麦籽粒蛋白质积累影响较大,生产上应针对不同品质类型小麦品种制定不同的优化栽培措施.

Changes of Total Nitrogen in Flag Leaves and Protein in Kernels during Grain Filling of Winter Wheat in Different Texture Soils

Three winter wheat cultivars with high,middle and low gluten content were used to study the total nitrogen in flag leaves and the regulation of dynamic accumulation of protein in kernels during grain filling in the clay,loam and sandy soil with pool-culture method from 2003 to 2005. The main results were as follows. The total nitrogen in flag leaves of three cultivars decreased gradually after anthesis. The total nitrogen in flag leaves was the highest in clay and the lowest in sand from the fifth days to the fortieth days. Dynamic regulation of protein content took on a curve that had two pinnacle in kernels of three winter wheat cultivars. Protein content in kernel of Luomai 1 were higher in loam, lower in sand. That of Yumai 49 was higher in loam also. So we concluded that it was suitable for the accumulation of kernel protein in winter wheat cultivars with low and middle gluten content in loam. For Guomai 8901,it was suitable for the accumulation of kernel protein content in clay, contrary to sandy soil. The pinnacle of protein accumulation in Gaomai 8901 appeared earlier than in Yumai 49 and Luomai 1. Kernel protein of Luomai 1 in sand and Yumai 49 in clay were all lower than that in loam. For Gaomai 8901,that was higher in clay. The correlation coefficient between the protein content in winter wheat kernel and the total nitrogen in flag leaves was positive. The influence of texture soils on winter wheat is remarkable. Therefore,different cultivation management should be adopted according to the different quality of wheat types.