肥料无机有机配施对稻茬小麦产量与肥料利用率的影响

为了解无机肥与有机肥配施对稻茬小麦产量与肥料利用率的影响，于2016-2017小麦生长季，在湖北省襄阳市通过田间试验，设置不施肥（CK）、传统测土配方施肥（T1）、90%的传统测土配方施肥量+有机肥（T2）和80%的传统测土配方施肥量+有机肥（T3）4个处理，探讨不同施肥模式下小麦产量、分蘖动态、肥料利用效率和经济效益的差异。结果表明，施肥处理的籽粒产量、穗数和穗粒数均显著高于CK，千粒重较高。T2处理的籽粒产量、穗数、穗粒数和千粒重均高于T1和T3处理。施肥处理间群体密度、有效分蘖数和分蘖成穗率均无显著差异。与CK相比，T1、T2和T3处理的有效分蘖数分别提高51.6%、55.9%和53.8%，分蘖成穗率分别降低11.4%、8.8%和14.7%。T3处理的化肥农学利用效率和偏生产力以及N、P、K肥偏生产力均显著高于T2处理，T1处理最低。T1处理的小麦产投比和净收益均高于其他处理，分别为3.9和5 464.5元·hm^-2。综合来看，在本试验条件下，T2处理是相对高产高效的处理。

Effect of Combined Application of Inorganic and Organic Fertilizer on Wheat Yield and Fertilizer Use Efficiency in Wheat Following Rice

In order to explore the effects of combined application of inorganic and organic fertilizer on wheat grain yield, tillering dynamics, fertilizer use efficiency and the economy benefits, a field experiment was conducted at Xiangyang, Hubei province during the wheat growing season of 2016-2017. In this study, with the treatment of no fertilizer application(CK) as control, three fertilizer treatments conventional formula fertilization by soil testing(T1), 90% of the conventional formula fertilization by soil testing plus manure(T2), and 80% of the conventional formula fertilization by soil testing plus manure(T3), were designed. Results showed that, the grain yield, spike number per square-meter and kernel number per spike of the fertilizer treatments were significantly higher than those of the control. For the fertilizer treatments, T2 had higher grain yield, spike number per square-meter, kernel number per spike and 1 000-grain weight than those under T1 and T3, but there was no differences in the population density, effective tillers per plant, and ear-bearing percentage of tillers at each stage between T1 and T3. Compared to CK treatment, the effective tillers per plant under T1, T2 and T3 were increased by 51.6%, 55.9% and 53.8%, respectively, but the ear-bearing percentage of tillers was decreased by 11.4%, 8.8% and 14.7%, respectively. The fertilizer use efficiency, partial factor productivity of fertilizer and partial factor of N or P or K productivity under T3 were significantly higher than those under T2 and T1 obtained the lowest values. For the economy benefits, the ratio of income and cost and the net income under T1 was the highest, which was 3.9 and 5 464.5 yuan·hm^-2, respectively. Considering the grain yield, fertilizer use efficiency and economy benefits, 90% of the conventional formula fertilization by soil testing plus manure was the high-yielding, efficiency and benefits treatment.