黑粒小麦醇溶蛋白指纹图谱及其遗传分析

黑粒小麦因其具有特殊的营养价值而倍受人们青睐。我国近年来已育成和引入了一批黑粒小麦品种 (系 )和资源 ,它们的黑粒基因来源和色素分布部位不同。本研究利用 ISTA颁布的 A- PAGE标准程序分析了来源不同的 9份黑粒小麦亲本及其 1 3份后代材料的醇溶蛋白指纹图谱。结果表明 ,9份黑粒小麦亲本材料分离出 40条相对迁移率不同的谱带 ,其中 8条为共同带 ,每个亲本均有各自独特的谱带组合。采用“0～ 1”系统记录谱带 ,计算亲本间遗传距离 ,平均值为 0 .34,范围为 0 .1 0～ 0 .48。来自加拿大的京 1 1 70 5和 MY2 4 33的遗传距离为 0 .1 0 ,具有最大的遗传相似性。我国育成的漯珍 1号、乌麦 5 2 6和黑小麦 76号三者间的遗传距离在 0 .33以上。利用非加全成对算术平均法 ( UPGMA)作聚类分析 ,在 0 .34水平上可聚为 3类 ,其中漯珍 1号自成一类。黑粒小麦和白粒小麦杂种后代个体的醇溶蛋白呈共显性遗传 ,但白粒亲本北农 6号的一条带在 F1没有出现。醇溶蛋白指纹图谱的相似程度能反映出品种间的亲缘关系 ,不失为黑粒小麦育种亲本选配的一个重要依据。

Journal of Triticeae Crops Genetic Differences of Gliadin Profiles of Black-grained Wheat Germplasm Resources

The gliadin profiles of nine black-grained wheat parent materials and their thirteen descendant materials were analyzed by the ISTA standard acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (A-PAGE) method. The results were as following: ① The nine black-grained wheat parent materials had significant polymorphism on gliadin profiles, and among them there existed nine gliadin genotypes. Forty bands were found, and 32 out of them had polymorphism.②The genetic distance (GD) among black-grained wheat parent materials based on the profiles ranged from 0.10 to 0.48, with an average of 0.34. Cluster analysis showed that the parent materials could be classified into three groups at the level of GD 0.34. Luozhen1 was clusted alone. ③ Black-grained wheat materials were crossed with white-grained wheat cultivars and black grains, light black grains and white grains were segregated in F1 and F2, among which the high genetic diversity of the gliadin fingerprints were showed.