4份圆锥小麦-乌拉尔图小麦双二倍体的分子细胞遗传学鉴定

为了给小麦育种提供新的种质资源,对4份圆锥小麦-乌拉尔图小麦双二倍体(AABBA^uA^u)的农艺性状、染色体组成及高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成进行了鉴定。农艺性状调查结果表明,4份双二倍体的株高介于108.45~129.43 cm,分蘖数介于7.3~17.5个,穗长介于10.23~12.17 cm,小穗数介于16.26~22.06,自交结实率介于37.77%~70.46%;4份双二倍体对目前的流行条锈菌混合生理小种(条中31、条中32、条中33、条中34和水源11-4)均表现为高抗。利用寡核苷酸序列探针Oligo-pSc119.2-1、Oligo-pTa535-1、Oligo-pTa71-2、pTa-713和简单重复序列探针(AAC)5进行FISH分析,可区分出圆锥小麦-乌拉尔图小麦双二倍体的42条染色体。花粉母细胞染色体配对观察表明,在这些双二倍体的减数分裂中期I,染色体大多配对成二价体,仅有少量的单价体、三价体和四价体。SDS-PAGE分析表明,来自于乌拉尔图小麦TA#831的1Ay亚基在双二倍体Syn-TAU-2中得到了表达,但其迁移率发生了变化;来自于PI428270和PI428274的1Ax和1Ay亚基分别在双二倍体Syn-TAU-3和Syn-TAU-4中得到了表达。这些双二倍体可作为新的资源材料用于普通小麦的遗传改良。

Molecular Cytogenetic Identification of Four Amphiploids from T.turgidum ssp. turgidum and T.urartu

In order to provide new germplasm for wheat breeding,the agronomic traits,chromosome constitutions and high molecular weight subunits of four synthetic T.turgidum ssp. turgidum -T.urartu amphiploids (AABBA_uA_u) were investigated.Results showed that the plant height ranged from 108.45 cm to 129.43 cm,the tiller number ranged from 7.3 to 17.5,ear length ranged from 10.23 cm to 12.17 cm,the number of spikelets ranged from 16.26 to 22.06,and the self-crossing seed setting rate ranged from 37.77% to 70.46%. Investigation of resistance to stripe rust at adult stage suggested that all four amphiploids exhibited high resistance to predominant stripe rust races(CYR31,CYR32,CYR33,CYR34,and SY11-4).Individual chromosomes of the T.turgidum ssp. turgidum-T.urartu amphiploids were identified by multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization using the combination of oligo nucleotides probes Oligo-pSc119.2-1,Oligo-pTa535-1,Oligo-pTa71-2,pTa-713 and (AAC)⁵. The 42 chromosomes of the amphiploids usually paired with bivalents,along with a small number of univalent,trivalent and tetravalent. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that 1Ay subunits from T.urartu TA# 831 were expressed in the amphiploid Syn-TAU-2 with various electrophoretic mobility. However,1Ax and 1Ay subunits from T.urartu accessions PI428270 and PI428274 were expressed in the amphiploid Syn-TAU-3 and Syn-TAU-4,respectively. These T.turgidum ssp. turgidum -T.urartu amphiploids are new resources for common wheat improvement.