强筋小麦群体结构、光能利用及籽粒产量对种植密度与追氮模式的响应

为探索强筋小麦高产高效的种植密度及追氮模式，以强筋小麦品种师栾02-1为供试材料，采用裂区试验，种植密度为主区(设置180万、240万、300万、360万和420万株·hm^-2五个密度水平),追氮模式为副区(设置拔节期单追、拔节期+开花期分追两种模式),分析了氮密互作对强筋小麦群体大小、光能利用及产量的影响。结果表明，随种植密度的增加，小麦拔节期植被指数和总茎数逐渐提高，花后21 d各层次光合有效辐射透射率则不断降低；在300万～360万株·hm^-2密度基础上增加或降低种植密度对开花期总茎数、花后28 d植被指数、灌浆中后期旗叶净光合速率以及籽粒产量均无显著提升效果。与拔节期+开花期分追相比，拔节期单追氮肥有利于提高小麦拔节期植被指数、开花期总茎数、花后21～28 d的旗叶净光合速率、穗数和籽粒产量。与追氮模式和氮密互作相比，种植密度是调控强筋小麦师栾02-1群体结构、光能利用及籽粒产量的最主要栽培因素。合理密植配合拔节期单追氮肥具有协同提高强筋小麦籽粒产量和光能利用的潜力。本试验条件下，种植密度为300万～360万株·hm^-2

Response of Population Structure, Light Utilization and Grain Yield to Planting Density and Nitrogen Topdressing in Strong Gluten Wheat

In order to explore the planting density and nitrogen application mode for high yield and efficiency of strong gluten wheat, a strong gluten wheat variety Shiluan 02-1 was used as the experimental material, and a split plot experiment design was adopted. The planting density was the main plot (with five density levels of 1.8 million, 2.4 million, 3 million, 3.6 million, and 4.2 million plants per hectare), and the nitrogen application mode was the sub plot (with two modes of single application at the jointing stage and individual application at the jointing stage and flowering stage). The effects of nitrogen-density interaction on the population size,light utilization and yield components of the strong gluten wheat were analyzed. The results showed that with the increase of planting density, the vegetation index and total stem number of wheat during the jointing stage gradually increased, while the photosynthetic effective radiation transmittance at all levels continued to decrease at 21 days after flowering.Change of planting density on the basis of a density of 3 million to 3.6 million plants·hm^-2 did not significantly improve the total number of stems during anthesis, vegetation index at 28 days after flowering, net photosynthetic rate of flag leaves in the middle and late stages of grain filling, and grain yield. Compared with the combination of jointing stage and flowering stage, single dressing during jointing stage was beneficial for improving the vegetation index, total stem number during flowering stage, net photosynthetic rate of flag leaves from 21 to 28 days after flowering, as well as the number of panicles, and grain yield of wheat. Compared with nitrogen topdressing mode and nitrogen-density interaction, planting density is the most important factor regulating population structure, light utilization, and grain yield of the strong gluten wheat Shiluan 02-1. Proper high planting density combined with single dressing during jointing stage has the potential to synergistically improve the grain yield and light utilization of strong gluten wheat. Under the conditions of this experiment, the planting density of 3 million to 3.6 million plants·hm^-2 combined with nitrogen application at jointing stage is the optimal mode for the strong gluten wheat Shiluan 02-1 to achieve higher yield and efficiency.