不同燕麦基因型源库关系对穗粒数形成过程的影响

为了解燕麦穗粒数形成过程与源、库特征之间的关系，连续两年以10个不同来源、熟期、穗型、株型、小穗数的燕麦品种为试验材料，测定三叶期至拔节期的幼穗分化阶段及抽穗期源库特征，采用方差分析、聚类分析、逐步回归分析等方法，分析不同燕麦基因型源库特征及对穗粒数形成过程的影响。结果表明，燕麦穗粒数形成过程存在基因型差异，幼穗分化较好品种的穗粒数较全部品种平均值高11.22%~65.43%；幼穗分化较好品种的光合势、干物质量、粒数叶比、收获指数显著高于幼穗分化较差品种，其中粒数叶比和收获指数是影响穗粒数形成的主要因素，粒数叶比和收获指数较全部品种平均值分别高0.99%~68.74%和0.85%~13.80%。综上所述，源库协调是燕麦幼穗分化良好的生理基础，可通过提高光合势和干物质量达到增源的目的，进而提高穗粒数。

Effect of Source-Sink Relationship of Different Oat Genotypes on the Formation of Grain Number per Spike

To understand the important influencing factors of source-sink and source-sink coordination in the formation process of grain number per spike of oat, this experiment was conducted in 2021 and 2022, using 10 varieties as experimental materials with different sources, ripening stage, spike type, plant type, and spikelet number, to determine the source-sink characteristics of young spike differentiation stage and heading stage from three-leaf stage to jointing stage. Analysis of variance, cluster analysis and stepwise regression were used to analyze the effect of source-sink relationship of different genotypes on the formation of grain number per spike of oat.The results showed that there were genotypic differences in the formation process of panicle number, and the spike number of well-differentiated young spike varieties was significantly increased by 11.22%-65.43%. The photosynthetic potential, dry matter weight, grain number/leaf ratio and harvest index of the well differentiated young spikes were significantly higher than those of the poorly differentiated young spikes. The grain number/leaf ratio and harvest index were the main factors affecting the formation of grain number per spike, with an increase rate of 0.99%-68.74%. The harvest index was significantly increased by 0.85%-13.80%. In conclusion, source-sink coordination is the physiological basis for good differentiation of young spike, which can achieve the purpose of source increase by improving photosynthetic potential and dry matter quality, and then increase the number of grains per spike.