播期和密度对春小麦品种新春26号生长及产量的影响

为确定新疆主栽春小麦品种新春26号的最佳播种时期和种植密度,采用两因素裂区试验,设4月5日、4月18日和5月2日3个播种时间,以及350万、400万、450万、500万和550万株·hm-2 5个种植密度,分析了播期和种植密度对小麦群体性状、产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明,在相同种植密度下,随着播期的推后,小麦各生育时期群体茎数、干物质积累量、叶面积指数均显著降低;播期对千粒重的影响不显著,而早播(4月5日)小麦的穗数、穗粒数和产量显著高于晚播(5月2日)小麦。种植密度对小麦各生育时期群体性状也均有显著影响,种植密度过高或过低均不利于小麦群体发育及产量形成,适宜的种植密度可以改善小麦群体结构,进而提高产量。播期和密度互作对小麦整个生育期生长发育的影响均显著。总体来看,在本试验条件下,春小麦品种新春26号应适当早播,最佳播种时间和种植密度分别为4月5日和450万株·hm-2。

Effect of Sowing Date and Planting Density on Growth and Yield of Spring Wheat Xinchun 26

A split-plot design field experiment was conducted to study the effects of sowing date and planting density on the population characters, yield and its components of spring wheat variety Xinchun 26, which is the most widely cultivated in Xinjiang. The experiment was designed with three sowing dates of April 5, April 18 and May 2, and five planting density levels of 350×10₄, 400×10₄, 450×10₄, 500×10₄ and 550×10₄ plants·hm^-2. The results showed that, under a same density, the stem number per hectare, dry matter accumulation per hectare and LAI of wheat were reduced significantly at different growth stages with the delay of sowing date.The spike number per hectare,grain number per spike and yield were particularly higher in the earlier sowing treatment(April 5) than those in the later sowing treatment, but sowing date did not influence 1 000 grain weight. The significant differences of population characters were found among the treatments with different densities. Neither higher density nor the lower density were good for population development and yield formation of wheat.The population quality and yield of wheat were high only under proper planting density.The interaction between sowing date and planting density existed in the tested characters of wheat during the whole growth period. Overall, early sowing was good for the growth of spring wheat Xinchun 26 in Xinjiang while its suitable sowing date and planting density was April 5 and 450×10₄ plants·hm^-2, respectively.