黄淮麦区小麦主推品种（系）干热风抗性鉴定

为了确立黄淮麦区小麦干热风抗性评价指标,并筛选出抗干热风的品种(系),以黄淮麦区推广的91个小麦品种(系)为供试材料,于灌浆期对其设置温室模拟干热风处理,探讨干热风对小麦植株冠层形态特征、旗叶功能期、产量性状及籽粒主要营养成分积累的影响。结果显示,经干热风处理后,不同抗性小麦品种(系)冠层黄化程度不尽相同,而所有小麦品种(系)冠层的绿光标准化值下降,旗叶功能期缩短,千粒重下降,蛋白质相对含量显著增加,淀粉含量显著降低。同时,确定了旗叶功能期和千粒重抗逆指数共同作为小麦干热风抗性的评价指标,并鉴定出山农19等高抗干热风的小麦品种及济南17等敏感品种。利用旗叶功能期和千粒重抗逆指数能够鉴定出小麦干热风相对抗性,可为小麦品种布局以及抗干热风相关性状的遗传改良提供参考。

Identification of Dry-hot Wind Resistance of Major Wheat Cultivars(Strains) in Huanghuai Wheat Region

To identify and select the most important indices for evaluating the wheat of dry-hot wind resistance and screen the dry-hot wind resistance cultivars(strains),91 major wheat cultivars(strains) in Huanghuai wheat region were used as the materials to research the influence of dry-hot wind on the morphology characteristic of wheat plant canopy,functional period of flag leaf,yield parameters and the accumulation of grain primary nutrients after the treatment of dry-hot wind at the filling stage in the green house and dry-hot wind resistance of different wheat cultivar was analyzed. The result indicated that the characteristic of plant canopy etiolated degree of wheat cultivar(strain) with different resistance was inconsistent,both normalized greenness intensity of wheat canopy and 1000-kernel weight were decreased for every cultivar(strain),functional period of flag leaf was shorted,the grain protein content significantly increased and starch content significantly reduced by dry-hot wind treatment. This study proposed that adversity resistance index could be used to reflect the wheat resistance to dry-hot wind. Both the adversity resistance indices of functional period of flag leaf and 1 000-kernel weight were used to evaluate wheat dry-hot wind resistance. And some high resistance cultivars like Shannong 19 and susceptible cultivars like Jinan 17 had been selected.The adversity resistance indices of functional period of flag leaf and 1 000-kernel weight could be used to identify the dry-hot wind resistance of wheat,which provided the foundation for the genetic improvement of relevant traits of the dry-hot wind resistance as well as for the cultivars distribution.