西藏高原主要麦类作物真菌毒素污染与产毒真菌分布研究

为探明西藏麦类作物中真菌毒素污染程度及产毒真菌种类与分布,以青稞、小麦为研究对象,对其籽粒中多种毒素进行分析,并对毒素污染阳性样品进行真菌分离鉴定。结果表明,2018年毒素总检出率为20.13%;杂色曲霉毒素检出率最高,为10.74%;OTA超标率最高,为3.36%;小麦的毒素检出率和超标率都高于青稞,二者的污染毒素种类以OTA、ZEN、ST为主。西藏高原42份被真菌毒素污染的农作物籽粒中共分离到199份真菌,分属23属67种真菌,青霉属为优势属,曲霉属次之。

Study on Mycotoxin Contamination and Toxigenic Fungi Pollution of Main Crops in Tibet Plateau

In order to explore the degree of contamination and the distribution of toxin-producing fungi in Tibetan crops,with highland barley and wheat as the research materials,we analyzed various toxins in their grains,and isolated and identified the contaminated fungi in these samples.The results showed that,in 2018,the total detection rate of toxins was 20.13%;the highest detection rate of ST was 10.74%,and the highest over-standard rate of OTA was 3.36%.The detection rate of toxins in wheat was higher than that in highland barley,and the main types of toxins were OTA,ZEN and ST.199 fungi were isolated from 30 crop grains contaminated by mycotoxins in Tibet plateau,belonging to 23 genera and 67 species of fungi,in which Penicilliumis the dominantone,followed by Aspergillus.