施氮量和灌水模式对小麦产量、品质和氮肥利用的影响

为探明河套灌区小麦实现高产、高效、优质相统一的施氮量范围,以中强筋小麦品种永良4号为供试材料,通过田间试验系统分析了不同施氮量和灌水模式对小麦产量、品质和氮肥利用效率的影响。结果表明,节水灌溉较常规灌溉,小麦籽粒产量并未显著降低,籽粒品质显著提升;植株吸氮量明显降低,氮素生理效率和氮素生产效率显著提高。小麦产量随着施氮量的增加呈先升高后降低的趋势,籽粒品质随施氮量增加呈增加趋势;多数氮素利用相关指标与施氮量均呈极显著负相关,过量施氮导致氮肥利用效率降低。河套灌区小麦高产、高效、优质相统一的适宜施氮量为:节水灌溉模式185.5 kg·hm~(-2)～209.5 kg·hm~(-2),常规灌溉模式212.5 kg·hm~(-2)～240.9 kg·hm~(-2)。

Effect of Nitrogen Application Rates and Irrigation Modes on Yield, Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Quality in Wheat

In order to explore the range of nitrogen application rate for high yield, high efficiency and high quality of wheat in Hetao Irrigation District, the medium-strength gluten wheat variety Yongliang 4 was used as the experiment material. Through field experiments, we systematically analyzed the effects of different nitrogen application rates and irrigation patterns on wheat yield, quality and nitrogen use efficiency. The results showed that wheat grain yield under water-saving irrigation mode was not significantly lower than that under conventional irrigation mode, while grain quality was significantly improved. The nitrogen uptake of plants under water-saving irrigation mode was significantly lower than that under conventional irrigation mode, but the nitrogen physiological efficiency and nitrogen production efficiency were significantly improved. The yield of wheat increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, but the grain quality exhibited an linear increase. Most nitrogen utilization indices were significantly negatively correlated with nitrogen application rate, and excessive nitrogen application resulted in a decrease in nitrogen use efficiency. The suitable nitrogen application rate for high yield, high efficiency and high quality of wheat in Hetao Irrigation District is 185.5 kg·hm^-2-209.5 kg·hm^-2 for water-saving irrigation mode, and 212.5 kg·hm^-2-240.9 kg·hm^-2 for conventional irrigation mode.