高酯型儿茶素含量的茶树资源筛选研究

以福建省茶树品种园780份资源为试验材料,依外部形态特征初步筛选出45份较有希望的品种或株系。用等度高效液相色谱法,分析检测这45个品种或株系的春梢、夏梢、秋梢酯型儿茶素含量,筛选高酯型儿茶素含量的茶树特异资源。结果表明:新梢酯型儿茶素含量在不同品种、株系间差异很大;春梢、夏梢、秋梢的酯型儿茶素含量变化范围分别为5.21%～24.03%、3.05%～20.31%、2.89%～19.66%,平均值分别为16.08%、14.73%、9.96%,变异系数分别为22.26%、24.10%、40.76%。同一品种或株系新梢的酯型儿茶素含量呈季节性变化,大多数(约71.11%)表现为:春梢>夏梢>秋梢。有5个品种、株系(033、505、509、524、1005),春、夏、秋三季,酯型儿茶素平均含量高于19%,为超常规水平的高酯型儿茶素茶树特异资源,可作为品质遗传改良或直接应用于提取酯型儿茶素的重要材料。有8个品种、株系033、505、509、510(1)、510(2)、524、1001、1005]新梢酯型儿茶素含量在儿茶素总量中所占比例高达80%以上(一般品种为68%),可作为提取茶多酚、儿茶素的特种材料。

A Study on Screening Germplasm Resources of Tea Plant with High Ester-Catechin Content

In order to screen special germplasm resources of tea plant (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) with high ester-catechin content, 780 tea plant resources in the Tea Variety Garden of Fujian were utilized as material. According to the appearance of tea plant, 45 tea plant resources were screened as candidate. The ester-catechin contents of spring tea shoots, summer tea shoots and autumn tea shoots in 45 cultivars or lines were analyzed by isocratic elution HPLC. The result was as follows: ester-catechin content of tea plant shoots varied greatly with cultivars or lines. In spring tea shoots, summer tea shoots, autumn tea shoots, and the ester-catechin contents in 45 cultivars or lines were in the range of 5.21%～24.03%、3.05%～20.31%、2.89%～19.66%, averaged 16.08%、14.73%、9.96%, respectively. The variation coefficients were 22.26%、24.10%、40.76%, respectively. The ester-catechin contents in the shoot of the same cultivars in different season, mostly: spring tea shoots >summer tea shoots >autumn tea shoots. There were 5 cultivars and lines(033、505、509、524、1005), which the annual average ester-catechin contents exceeded 19%. These could be considered as special tea plant germplasm resources with high ester-catechin contents and be used as important materials of both quality genetic improvement and the extraction of ester-catechin from tea plant. There were 8 cultivars and lines(033、505、509、510(1)、510(2)、524、1001、1005), which the ratio of ester-catechin contents to total catechins content exceeded 80%(ordinary level is 68%). These could be used as special materials for extracting the tea polyphenols or catechins.