乌龙茶种质资源种群遗传多样性AFLP评价

以银染法AFLP分子标记技术用5对引物组合对来自福建武夷山市、安溪县、台湾省和广东潮安县45份乌龙茶品种资源进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明，5对引物扩增出208条多态性条带，多态性为92.03%；最大遗传距离为0.481，最小遗传距离为0.124，种质资源间遗传多样性估值较高，达0.311。按照地理分布分组分析表明，种群内遗传多样性以武夷山最高，其次为安溪乌龙茶种质资源，以台湾的乌龙茶种质资源遗传多样性最小；种群间遗传相似性，以武夷山与安溪种群间最高，达0.9505，以台湾和潮安县类型间的相似性最低，相似性系数为0.77。构建的种间和种群间进化树表明，可将45份乌龙茶品种划分为二大类型，福建类型和广东潮安类型。结合种群间相似系数，提出乌龙茶种质资源与其加工工艺的演化路径是一致的，也是由武夷山向安溪再向台湾传播。

Evaluation of Genetic Diversity in Oolong Tea Germplasms by AFLP Fingerprinting

Genetic diversity in 45 Oolong germplasms collected from three provinces, Fujian, Guangdong and Taiwan was evaluated by AFLP fingerprinting based on silver staining technique using 5 primer combinations. The 5 primer combinations generated 208 polymorphic bands. Largest genetic distance between germplasm was 0.481, and the smallest was 0.124. Estimated genetic diversity within the 45 germplasm was up to 0.311. Genetic diversity within Wuyi Mountain population was highest, while genetic diversity within Anxi population was higher than Guangdong and Taiwan populations and lowest within Taiwan population. A dendrogram generated by NT-SYS software indicated that the 45 Oolong tea germplasms could be divided as Wuyi type and Chaoan type. Genetic similarity determined by Popgene 32 software was highest between Anxi and Wuyi populations which was up to 0.9505, and lowest between Taiwan and Chaoan populations which was up to 0.77. It could be inferred that Fujian Oolong tea germplasms originated from Wuyi Mountains.