向日葵品种抗向日葵螟鉴定及抗性评价方法

利用田间自然抗虫鉴定法连续3年在内蒙古巴彦淖尔市对56个向日葵品种进行了抗向日葵螟鉴定，结果表明，17个油葵品种中除P50表现为中抗（籽粒被害率为6.7%），其余品种全部表现为高抗，籽粒被害率均在0～2.5%；而39个食葵品种中仅新食葵7号表现为高抗（籽粒被害率为1.9%），其余多表现为感虫或高感，籽粒被害率在5.8%～54.1%。进一步利用黑色素鉴定法对所有品种进行了室内检测，其结果与田间抗虫鉴定结果基本吻合。由此认为：在进行田间自然抗虫鉴定时，宜根据田间向日葵螟成虫种群动态选择适宜的播期，使向日葵的开花期与向日葵螟成虫发生盛期尽量吻合，以提高害虫对向日葵的选择压力和鉴定结果的科学性，同时避免出现播期避害现象，干扰鉴定结果的准确性。

Evaluation method and resistance among cultivated sunflower to sunflower moth (Homoeosoma nebulellum)

A 3-year field study evaluated 56 sunflower cultivars (17 oilseed type and 39 Confection type) for resistance to infestation and damage from larval feeding by naturally occurring populations of the sunflower moth in Bayannur, Inner Mongolia. The results showed that all oilseed sunflower cultivars (except P50, kernel damage rate 6.7) had high-level resistance to sunflower moth, and its kernel damage rate ranged from 0 to 2.5%. Most of confection sunflower cultivars (except Xinshikui 7, kernel damage rate 1.9) were susceptible to sunflower moth, and its kernel damage rate ranged from 5.8% to 54.1%. The result was consistant with those obtained by plant melanin identification method in lab. In order to increase the natural selection pressures, to avoid the risk-averse by sowing date and to make the identification method more scientific, it was very important to match the flowering stage and maximums occurring period of adults moth in order to better identify cultivar resistance to sunflower moth in natural condition.