基于双列杂交的花生主要品质性状遗传效应分析

为了提高花生品质性状优势组合的选育效率，以5个花生材料为亲本，采用Griffing完全双列杂交配制20个组合，分析花生籽仁中粗脂肪含量、粗蛋白含量、蔗糖含量和脂肪酸组分等10个性状的配合力和遗传参数。配合力效应分析表明，豫花132（W191）的粗脂肪、硬脂酸、亚油酸、花生酸和山嵛酸含量等性状的一般配合力效应值最大，冀花甜1号（JT1）的蔗糖和粗蛋白含量的一般配合力效应值最大，而高油酸品种WT08-0937（DF15）的油酸和花生一烯酸含量的一般配合力效应值最大。遗传协方差Wr对阵列方差Vr的回归分析结果表明，粗脂肪、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、花生酸和山嵛酸这7个性状基本适合“加性-显性”遗传模型，它们的遗传主要是以加性效应为主，显性效应较小且表现部分显性。对所有子代的10个性状进行主成分分析，前2个主成分Dim1和Dim2的累计贡献率达88.6%，结果显示粗脂肪和粗蛋白含量和蔗糖含量呈负相关，粗脂肪含量与棕榈酸、油酸、亚油酸和花生一烯酸含量相关性较弱。本研究为花生育种中的亲本选配和后代选择提供了一定的理论依据。

Genetic analysis of peanut quality traits based on a diallel cross design

In order to improve the efficiency of selecting elite combinations, five parental lines were selected to make 20 cross combinations by Griffing complete diallel crossing design, and 10 quality traits including contents of oil, protein, sucrose and fatty acid compositions in peanut kernel were tested to assess the combining ability and genetic parameters. Analysis of combination ability showed that Yuhua 132（W191）with high general combination ability（GCA）was the optimal lines for selecting high oil, stearic acid, linoleic acid, arachidic acid and behenic acid; Jihuatian 1（JT1）with high GCA was the optimal lines for selecting protein and sucrose; and WT08-0937（DF15）with high GCA was the optimal lines for selecting oleic acid and eicosenoic acid. Analysis of regression Wragainst Vr indicated that inheritance of 7 quality traits conformed to the additive-dominant mode, and the inheritance was mainly additive effect, while the dominant effect was small and partial dominant, which included oil, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid , linoleic acid, arachidic acid and behenic acid. Principal component analysis（PCA）was carried out for 10 traits of all hybrids, and the cumulative contribution rate of the first two principal components（Dim1 and Dim2）reached 88.6%. The results of PCA revealed that the oil content was negatively correlated with protein and sucrose content, while the oil content was weakly correlated with unsaturated fatty acid content.This study provided a theoretical basis for parents and off-spring selection in peanut breeding.