花生EMS诱变体系的探索及突变体鉴定

突变体创制对花生遗传改良和功能基因组学研究具有重要意义。为获得最佳诱变效果，本研究对不同基因型花生品种的EMS诱变条件进行摸索，发现花育22号、花育71、花育9301、狮头企和伏花生的最适诱变浓度分别为0.4%、0.5%、0.3%、0.5%和0.3%。通过对最适EMS浓度诱变处理下苗期芽长、株高、根长及根数目分析，发现5个品种虽然都能正常成苗，但均受到较严重的损伤。在预实验基础上，用浓度为0.4%的EMS溶液处理了大约5000粒花育22号种子，M1及M2世代性状调查显示突变群体表型丰富，出现株高、株型、荚果、籽仁、分枝数、叶形等表型变异株系，表型变异率为12.9%。本研究为花生遗传改良和功能基因组学研究提供了丰富的种质材料。

Exploration of EMS mutagenesis system and mutants screening of peanut

The creation of mutants is of great significance to genetic improvement and functional genomics of peanut. In order to obtain new peanut mutant germplasm, this study explored EMS mutagenesis conditions of peanut varieties with different genotypes. It was found that the appropriate mutagenic concentrations of Huayu 22, Huayu 71, Huayu 9301, Shitouqi and Fuhuasheng were 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.3%, 0.5% and 0.3%, respectively. The analysis of bud length, plant height, root length and root number in seedling stage under the optimum concentration showed that all the 5 cultivars were able to form seedlings normally, but all were seriously damaged. On the basis of the preliminary experiment, 5000 Huayu 22 seed swas treated by 0.4% EMS solution. Both M1 and M2 generation mutants showed diversified phenotypes. For example, plant height, plant type, pod, seed kernel, branching number and leaf shape were changed. The phenotypic variation rate was 12.9%. Our work provides abundant germplasm for peanut genetics research and breeding.