甘蓝型油菜减氮增效潜力评价及种质资源筛选

为培育具有高潜力的减肥增效油菜品种，以不同甘蓝型油菜种质资源为材料，通过两年三点的田间肥效 试验，研究了它们对氮肥的响应特征及节氮增产潜力。以产量平均值为分界线将供试材料划分为4种类型：低氮高 效型、双高效型、双低效型和高氮高效型。在高氮条件下，双高效型和高氮高效型材料具有16.96%~36.50%的节氮 潜力和21.57%~49.59%的增产潜力；在低氮胁迫下，低氮高效型具有12.23%和10.88%的节氮及增产潜力。同时筛 选出低氮高效型材料中双9号、SV-pyriter，双高效型材料D4-15、中双11号、DH16、华双3号，双低效型材料D2-1、 华双5号、加99H99-15HR、湘农油3号、DH17，以及高氮高效型材料84001。研究表明，甘蓝型油菜减氮增产增效的 潜力较大，但存在较大的基因型差异。因此，选育双高效型和高氮高效型材料可能是今后油菜育种的重点。

Evaluation on potential of reducing nitrogen and increasing efficiency for Brassica napus germplasm

To discover the potential of reducing fertilizer and increasing efficiency from different rapeseed varieties, response characteristics of different genotypes of Brassica napus(L.) to nitrogen(N) fertilizer and their potential of N-saving and high efficiency were analyzed by 2 years’ field trials in 3 locations. Results showed that materials could be devided into 4 types based on average yield. The 4 types were named(1) efficiency(efficiency under low nitrogen condition)-inefficiency(efficiency under high nitrogen condition),(2) efficiency-efficiency,(3) inefficiency-inefficiency,(4) inefficiency-efficiency. Genotypes with efficiency-efficiency and inefficiency-efficiency had 16.96-36.50% of N-saving potential and 21.57-49.59% of yield-increasing potential under high N condition,while genotypes of efficiency-inefficiency had 12.23% of N-saving potential and 10.88% of yield-increasing potential under low N. In addition, Zhongshuang 9 and SV-pyriter were identified with efficiency-inefficiency. D4-15,Zhongshuang 11, DH16 and Huashuang 3 were recognized as genotypes with efficiency-efficiency. D2-1, Huashuang 5, Jia99 H99-15 HR, Xiangnongyou 3 and DH17 were identified as inefficiency-inefficiency genotypes. 84001 had high efficiency under high N level. These results suggested that oilseed rape had high potential of reducing N requirement and increasing yield, and the potential varies among varieties. Hence, identification of genotypes with efficiency-efficiency and/or inefficiency-efficiency might be the target of rapeseed breeding in future.