60Co-γ射线辐射胡麻种子的诱变效应研究

为探讨辐射对胡麻种子的诱变作用，以800 Gy、1000 Gy和1200 Gy 3种不同剂量的⁶⁰Co-γ射线对6个胡麻品种（系）的种子进行辐射处理，观察其对胡麻种子萌发、农艺性状和品质性状的影响，并确定胡麻的最佳辐射剂量。结果表明，⁶⁰Co-γ射线辐射胡麻种子以后，种子的发芽势、发芽率、株高、工艺长度、每果粒数、千粒重、含油率、亚油酸、油酸和棕榈酸含量均比对照降低，有效分茎数、有效分枝数、单株果数、木酚素、亚麻酸和硬脂酸含量均比对照高。且随辐射剂量的增加，发芽势、发芽率和木酚素含量逐渐下降，根长、苗高、平均单株鲜重、油酸含量先降低再升高，株高、工艺长度、有效分枝数、单株果数、千粒重、亚麻酸、硬脂酸和棕榈酸含量先升高后降低，有效分茎数、单株果数、每果粒数、不实果数、含油率和亚油酸含量均随处理浓度的增高而升高。拐点均出现在1000 Gy，且存在明显的品种间差异。胡麻种子的最佳辐射剂量理论值为1029 Gy。用⁶⁰Co-γ射线处理胡麻种子，出现超亲材料的几率约为10%~21%，且木酚素含量出现超亲材料的几率最大，其次是亚麻酸含量，最后是含油率。高剂量（1200 Gy）有利于含油率和亚麻酸的变异，而低剂量（800 Gy）有利于木酚素的变异。研究结果为胡麻辐射育种和种质创新提供了理论依据。

Mutagenic effect on seed of oil flax （Linum usitatissimum L.） induced by 60Co-γ irradiation

In order to investigate the mutagenic effect of ⁶⁰Co-γ irradiation on oil flax seed, three ⁶⁰Co-γ doses of 800 Gy, 1000 Gy and 1200 Gy irradiations were treated on seeds of 6 cultivars （lines）, and the effects of irradiation on seed germination, agronomic and quality traits were examined, to determine the optimal irradiation dose of flax. The results showed that using ⁶⁰Co-γ treated oil flax seed, the germination energy, germination rate, plant height, technical length, seeds per boll, 1000-seed weight, the content of oil, linoleic acid, oleic acid and palmitic acid were all lower than those of the control. And the effective tiller, effective branch, bolls per plant, lignan, linolenic acid and stearic acid content were all higher than control. With the increase of irradiation dose, the germination energy, germination rate and lignan content gradually decreased, the root length, seedling height, fresh weight per plant, oleic acid content decreased firstly and then increased, the plant height, technical length, effective branches, bolls per plant, 1000-seed weight, linolenic acid, stearic acid andpalmitic acid content increased firstly and then decreased, effective tiller, bolls per plant, seeds per boll, no seed bolls, oil content and linoleic acid content were increased with the increasing of the dose. The inflection points all appeared in 1000 Gy, and there were obvious differences among varieties. The theoretical optimal irradiation dose of flaxseed was 1029 Gy. Elit materials occured about 10% to 21% when the seeds treated with ⁶⁰Co-γ irradiation. And high lignan content seemed easy to be found, followed by the linolenic acid content, and finally the oil content. High dose （1200 Gy） was beneficial to the variation of oil content and linolenic acid, while low dose （800 Gy） was beneficial to the variation of lignan. These results can provide theoretical basis for eseirradiation breeding and germplasm innovation of flax.