利用InDel标记解析中国花生地方品种的遗传多样性与群体结构

为揭示InDel标记对我国地方花生品种遗传多样性和遗传结构的解析能力，本研究利用13个多态性InDel 标记检测4个典型生物学类型的90份中国花生地方品种材料。共扩增出42的等位基因，平均3个；Nei’s多样性指数 变幅为0.011~0.705，平均0.443；Shannon’s信息指数变幅为0.034~1.497，平均0.758。龙生型、普通型、珍珠豆型与多 粒型花生的Nei’s遗传多样性指数分别为0.3198、0.4407、0.4435和0.4372，结果表明龙生型的遗传多样性明显小于其 它生物学类型。种质间的遗传相似系数范围为0.077 ~ 1.000，平均为0.636；且普通型与龙生型花生之间遗传相似系 数最高，为0.636。群体分析结果表明密枝亚种与疏枝亚种、不同植物学类型之间遗传分化较小，且普通型与珍珠豆 型遗传结构相似，龙生型与多粒型花生遗传结构不同。利用非加权平均法（UMPGA）聚类分析将90份花生材料划分 为两类（G1、G2）,其中G1包括全部的龙生型、61.90%的普通型以及20.00%的珍珠豆型。本研究结果表明InDel标记 能够有效地揭示栽培种花生的遗传变异，可为花生杂交亲本的选择以及优异基因的挖掘提供重要参考。

Population genetic diversity and structure of Chinese peanut landraces analyzed by InDel markers

In order to reveal the genetic variation and structure of Chinese peanut landraces based on InDel markers, the total of 13 polymorphic InDel markers were used to evaluate the 90 peanut germplasm belonging to four botanical types. 42 alleles were amplified，and the average number of alleles per locus was 3. Nei’s index of each primer varied from 0.011 to 0.705 with an average of 0.443. Shannon’s information index of each primer var⁃ ied from 0.034 to 1.497 with an average of 0.758. The Nei’s index varied from 0.3198 for var. hirsuta to 0.4435 for var. vulgaris, indicated that var. hirsuta had the lowest genetic diversity. The genetic similarity coefficient among accessions varied from 0.077 to 1.000 with an average of 0.636. The genetic similarity coefficient between var. hypo⁃ gaea and var. hirsuta was 0.636, higher than other pairs. There was the smaller genetic differentiation among differ⁃ ent subspecies and botanical types. Var. hypogaea and var. vulgaris had the similar genetic structure, while var. hir⁃ suta and var. fastigiata had different genetic structures. Clustering analysis showed all accessions could be divided into two groups (G1, G2) based on UPGMA method. Group G1 included all accessions of var. hirsuta, 61.90% var. hypogaea and 20.00% var. vulgaris. These results showed that InDel markers could be used to reveal the genetic variation of cultivated peanut effectively, and would provide the important reference for parent selecti of peanut hybrid breeding and exploitation of favourable genes.