玉米花生带状间作对植株氮吸收和土壤微生物群落的影响

为探明玉米花生带状间作模式下植株氮吸收利用和土壤微生物群落特征，设置玉米单作（SM）、花生单作（SP）和玉米花生间作（IMP）三种种植模式，系统分析了不同种植模式下氮素吸收利用规律，并采用16S/ITS测序技术明确玉米花生带状间作系统下根际土壤细菌/真菌群落结构变化。结果表明，间作玉米边行优势明显，地下和地上部干物质积累量和氮积累量显著高于单作玉米和间作玉米中间行。间作玉米和间作交互区根际土壤细菌和真菌多样性和丰富度降低，而间作花生根际真菌多样性和丰富度增加，其中变形菌门、担子菌门、子囊菌门等有益菌最为显著富集。土壤中细菌和真菌存在复杂的相关性，变形菌门与子囊菌门正相关。间作丰富了物种功能多样性，参与氨基酸运输、代谢和碳水化合物代谢的细菌和腐生营养型真菌的显著富集，改善了植物养分吸收，促进了植株生长发育。可见，玉米花生间作可通过优化土壤微生物的群落结构，促进植株对氮素的吸收和利用，本研究为玉米花生带状间作氮营养互促吸收提供了科学依据。

Effects of strip intercropping of maize and peanut on nitrogen uptake and soil microbial community diversity

In order to explore the nitrogen uptake and utilization and the characteristics of soil microbial community under the intercropping of maize and peanut, three treatments were set up for sole maize （SM）, sole peanut （SP） and intercropping of maize and peanut （IMP）. The nitrogen absorption and utilization under different planting modes were systematically analyzed, and 16S/ITS sequencing technology were used to clarify the changes in soil bacterial/fungal community structure under the intercropping of maize and peanut. The results showed that side-row maize of intercropping had a marginal advantage, the dry matter weight and nitrogen accumulation was higher than the middle of intercropping maize and sole maize. The diversity and richness of bacterial and fungal in intercropped maize and the shared soil of intercropping maize and peanut was decreased, while the diversity and richness of fungal in intercropped peanut was increased, and the most enrichment of beneficial bacterial were increased, such as Proteobacteria, Basidiomycetes and Ascomycetes. There was complex correlation between bacteria and fungi. The Proteobacteria was positively correlated with Ascomycetes. The intercropping enriched the functional diversity of bacterial, and the enrichment of bacterial and saprophytic fungal involved in the amino acid transport and metabolism and carbohydrate transport and metabolism improved the nutrient uptake and promoted the growth and development of plants. In conclusion, intercropping of maize and peanut optimized the soil microbial community structure, promoted plant nutrient absorption and dry matter accumulation, which provided a scientific basis for the mutual promotion of nitrogen absorption of the maize and peanut intercropping.