花生二倍体野生种Arachis duranensis和A. ipaensis新种间杂种的创制及鉴定

野生种Arachis duranensis（AA）和A. ipaensis（BB）是花生栽培种最可能的二倍体祖先种，而其合成的四倍体是研究花生起源与进化的重要材料。本研究利用A. duranensis系（PI 497262）和A. ipaensis（PI 468322），通过杂交、组织培养、寡核苷酸探针染色荧光原位杂交（OS FISH）和基因组原位杂交（GISH）技术创制和鉴定了一个新的种间杂种W1824，进一步对其花粉育性、减数分裂行为和表型性状进行分析，发现W1824花粉高度不育，染色体平均构型为0.5 III + 3.5 II + 11.5 I，主茎高、侧枝长和叶面积均表现出超亲优势。表明PI 497262和PI 468322具有较高的杂交亲和性，暗示由上述两个系合成的四倍体花生可能具有显著高于亲本的生物产量和不稳定的染色体遗传方式。

Development and characterization of new interspecific hybrid between diploid wild species Arachis duranensis and A. ipaensis

Diploid wild species Arachis duranensis (AA) and A. ipaensis (BB) are the most possible ancestors of cultivated peanut. Peanuts synthesized by ancestral species are important materials for studying the origin and evolution. In this study, a new interspecific hybrid W1824 of A. duranensis (PI 497262) and A. ipaensis (PI 468322) was created and identified by hybridization, tissue culture, oligonucleotide probe staining FISH (OS FISH) and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). Analysis of pollen fertility, meiosis behavior and phenotypic traits showed that W1824 had high sterility, its average chromosome configuration was 0.5 III + 3.5 II + 11.5 I, and its height of main stem, length of first primary branch and leaf area showed super-parent advantage. This indicated that the two accessions PI 497262 and PI 468322 had high cross-compatibility and suggested that the tetraploid peanut synthesized using the two accessions might have significantly higher biological yield than their parents and unstable inheritance in chromosomal level.