采收时间对油葵种子质量及品质的影响

为明确不同采收期对油葵种子质量和品质的影响，本研究以67×早R、36×早R和早熟矮大头3个油葵材料为研究对象，于开花后30、35、42、47 d收获种子，对相同条件下晾干的种子进行活力相关指标和品质指标测定。结果表明，67×早R和早熟矮大头在开花后42 d收获的种子，活力较高；36×早R以开花后47 d收获的种子，活力较高。随收获期延长，油葵籽仁中油酸和含油量降低，亚油酸含量增加。利用隶属函数法对3个油葵不同时期采收的种子进行活力和品质的综合评价，表明延迟7 d左右收获有利于获得高质量的种子。因此，在中南地区种植向日葵可用开花后天数作为收获时间的参考指标，在天气适宜（即非阴雨高湿）或后茬安排时间允许的情况下，比成熟期延迟1周左右收获，能有效提高种子质量。本研究可为我国中南部地区种植向日葵的科学收获和安全保存种子提供指导与参考。

Effect of harvest time on seed quality in oil sunflower

In order to understand the effect of harvest time on seed quality of oil sunflower, the vitality related indexes and quality indexes of dried seeds derived from different harvest time (30, 35, 42, 47 days after flowering) of three oil sunflower cultivars (‘67×Zao R’, ‘36×Zao R’ and ‘Zaoshuaidatou’ ) were detected. The results showed that the seed vigor from ‘67×Zao R’ and ‘Zaoshuaidatou ’ was the highest harvested at 42 days after flowering than other harvest times. However, seed vigor reached the highest for ‘36×Zao R’ harvested at 47 days after flowering. Oleic acid content and oil content of oil sunflower kernels decreased with the later harvest, but linoleic acid content increased. Moreover, vigor and quality of three oil sunflower’s seeds （derived from different harvest time） were evaluated comprehensively by membership function method, it was showed that high-quality seeds could be obtained when delaying the harvest for about 7 days. Therefore, the time （days） after flowering can be used as a reference for sunflower harvest when planting in the areas of central and southern China. When the weather is suitable (without cloudy-rainy or high-humidity) or the stubble arrangement permits, sunflower could harvest lately, and its seed quality might be effectively improved if delay the harvest for about 1 week. This research was expected to provide reference for sunflower scientific harvesting and seed safe preservation in the areas of central and southern China.