施钙对瘠薄红壤旱地花生土壤理化性质的影响

为探讨钙肥对瘠薄红壤旱地花生土壤理化性质影响，同时为优化花生生长环境提供理论依据，本研究在 湖南长沙选取红壤瘠薄旱地以及3个不同粒型大小花生品种（大粒湘花2008、中粒湘花55、小粒蓝山小籽），运用土 柱试验栽培法，设置施钙肥（CaO）和不施钙2个处理，对花生主要生育期的根际、0~20cm土壤理化性质进行测试与 分析。结果表明：在缺钙酸性土壤下，施钙能提高所有品种、各时期（成熟期略有不同）、各土层花生土壤的pH值， 调节土壤过酸强度；提升土壤有机质含量（蓝山小籽＞湘花2008＞湘花55）；显著增加土壤碱解氮含量（湘花55＞湘 花2008＞蓝山小籽）；更好地提高大、中粒型品种土壤有效钾含量；降低大、中粒型品种土壤有效磷含量。因此，在 氮、磷、钾营养元素充足，钙元素缺失的土壤下，增施石灰钙肥，既可降低土壤酸度，又能提高有机质、碱解氮、有效 钾含量，却降低速效磷含量，在缺钙酸性土壤花生生产中施用石灰时应增施磷肥，从而保障花生高产高效栽培。

Effects of calcium application on physical and chemical properties of peanut in barren upland red soil

In order to explore the effect of calcium fertilizer on physical and chemical properties of peanut soil in arid red soil and to provide theoretical basis for optimizing the growth environment of peanut, three peanut variet? ies of different grain sizes (large-grain Xianghua 2008, medium-grain Xianghua 55 and small-grain Lanshan small-grain) were selected in Changsha, Hunan Province, and cultivated by soil column experiment.In this study, the physical and chemical properties of rhizosphere and 0-20 cm soil in the main growth period of peanut were test? ed and analyzed by setting two treatments of calcium fertilizer (CaO) and non-calcium fertilizer. The results showed that calcium application could improve the pH value of peanut soil in all cultivars, all stages except the maturity stage, and adjust the soil acid intensity, increase the content of soil organic matter (lanshan small seed > xianghua 2008 > xianghua 55). The soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content was significantly increased (xianghua 55 > xiang? hua 2008 > lanshan small seeds). The effective potassium content in soil of large and medium grain varieties was im? proved better. The available phosphorus content in soil of large and medium grain varieties was decreased. As a re? sult, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient elements is sufficient. When soil lacks of calcium, adding lime calcium fertilizer, can reduce the soil acidity and improve the organic matter, alkali solution nitrogen, and po? tassium content, but lower the content of available P. Liming in calcium acid soil peanut production should increase