花生百果质量和百仁质量性状的QTL定位分析

为探索栽培种花生百果质量和百仁质量遗传机制，以花育28号和P76为亲本构建了包含146个家系的重组自交系（recombinant inbred line，RIL）群体，测定了3个环境下的百果质量与百仁质量表型数据，并利用单环境和多环境联合定位进行QTL的鉴定。结果表明，在不同环境下RIL群体百果质量和百仁质量均表现为超亲遗传。基于多环境QTL分析检测到5个与百果质量、10个与百仁质量相关的QTL。基于单环境QTL分析共检测到3个百果质量相关位点qHPW05.1、qHPW07.1和qHPW19.1，分布于3个连锁群上。其中qHPW07.1在三个环境下稳定表达，表型贡献率4.610%~8.840%；qHPW19.1在两个环境下稳定表达，表型贡献率9.985%~11.224%。检测到4个百仁质量相关位点qHSW05.1、qHSW07.1、qHSW19.1和qHSW20.1，分布于4个连锁群上。其中qHSW 07.1在两个环境下稳定表达，表型贡献率7.155%~10.464%；qHSW 19.1在三个环境下稳定表达，表型贡献率7.239%~13.845%。获得控制百果质量和百仁质量的QTL簇2个，分别位于LG07（Cluster I）和LG19（Cluster II）。本研究结果为后续相关基因克隆和花生产量性状改良提供了理论基础。

QTL mapping for 100-pod and 100-seed weights in cultivated peanut

A peanut recombinant inbred population with Huayu 28 and P76 as parents was used to perform genetic mapping for 100-pod and 100-seed weight. Phenotypic data of 100-pod and 100-seed weight were collected in 3 environments. QTL mapping analysis was performed with individual environmental analysis and multi-environmental joint analysis. Multi-environmental joint analysis demonstrated 5 QTLs for 100-pod weight and 10 QTLs for 100-seed weight. Individual environmental analysis yielded 3 QTLs for 100-pod weight (qHPW05.1, qHPW07.1, qHPW19.1) on 3 linkage groups, and 4 QTLs for 100-seed weight (qHSW05.1, qHSW07.1, qHSW19.1, qHSW20.1) on 4 linkage groups. Among these, qHPW07.1, qHPW19.1, qHSW 07.1 and qHSW 19.1 could be detected in two or three environments with phenotypic variation explained (PVE) ranging from 4.610%-8.840%, 9.985%-11.224%, 7.155%-10.464% and 7.239%-13.845%. qHPW07.1 could be detected in 3 environments with phenotypic variation explained (PVE) of 4.610%-8.840%. Comparative analysis of all QTLs revealed two QTL clusters on LG07 (Cluster I) and LG19 (ClusterⅡ). These results provided a theoretical basis for both improvement of peanut yield and cloning of associated genes.