密度和氮肥互作对单粒精播花生SPAD值、植株和产量性状的影响

本研究旨在探讨单粒精播花生生理性状和产量性状对密度和氮肥的响应。选择山东省烟台市招远鲁东丘陵地，作物两年三熟。2018和2019年，以出口大花生品种花育22为试验材料进行大田试验，设置了3个种植密度（12万、20万、28万株/hm²，分别表示为D1、D2和D3）和4个施氮量（0、50、115、180 kg/hm²，分别表示为N0、N50、N115、N180），于不同生育时期调查分析花生SPAD值、植株和产量性状。研究结果表明，种植密度和施氮量均显著影响花生叶绿素含量、干物质量、植株性状和产量性状，且两者互作效应显著。在D2密度条件下，花生荚果产量较D1密度和D3密度分别高24.31%～45.04%和10.57%～15.13%，成熟期叶绿素含量分别高3.70%～27.82%和6.10%～18.94%，成熟期干物质量分别高7.31%～32.34%和10.65%～34.59%，且差异性均达到了显著水平。在D2密度下，施氮量在50～180 kg/hm²范围内，花生荚果产量、叶绿素含量和干物质量均显著高于无氮处理，各施氮处理表现为N115 > N180 > N50 > N0，以施氮量为115 kg/hm²时花生荚果产量最大，较N50和N180处理分别提高了6.83%和3.90%，叶绿素含量、干物质量和植株性状也协同提高。综合考虑生理性状、产量性状等因素，在本试验条件下，单粒精播花生栽培在低密度12万株/hm²下，花生主要产量性状随着施氮量的增加而增加，以种植密度为20万株/hm²，施氮量为115 kg/hm²较为适宜。

Effect of density and nitrogen fertilizer on SPAD,plant and pod yield characteristics under single seed planting in peanut

Suitable density and nitrogen fertilizer were studied for efficient peanut physiological characteristics, plant and pod yield characteristic under single seed planting. The field experiment was conducted in the Zhaoyuan, Yantai City, Shandong Province. The field experiment was carried out in the year 2018 and 2019, with a export big-pod variety of peanut Huayu22 as tested material. Three plant densities of 120 000, 200 000 and 280 000 plant/hm²（named as D1, D2 and D3）, and four nitrogen application rates of 0, 50, 115 and 180 kg/hm² were designed （named as N0, N50, N115, N180, respectively）.The SPAD, plant and pod yield characteristic of peanut were investigated in different bear periods. Both the plant density and nitrogen application rate had significant effected SPAD value, dry matter quality, plant and pod yield characteristic of peanut, and the interaction between them was significant as well. Compared to low plant density （120 000 plant/hm²） and high plant density （280 000 plant/hm²）, the pod yields under plant density of 200 000 plant/hm² were significantly increased by 24.31%-45.04% and 10.57%-15.13%, respectively. The SPAD value of maturation period were significantly increased by 3.70%-27.82% and 6.10%-18.94%, dry matter quality of maturation period were significantly increased by 7.31%-32.34% and 10.65%-34.59%. Under the plant density of 200 000 plant/hm²,when the nitrogen application rate was increased from 50 to 180 kg/hm², the pod yield, SPAD value and dry matter quality of peanut were significantly increased and all were significantly higher than that of the N0 treatment, and were in order of N115 > N180> N50>N0, and the pod yield reached the highest in N 115, which was 6.83% and 3.90% higher than those in N50 and N180 treatments. Synergistic improvement of the SPAD value, dry matter quality, plant characteristic were caused. Under this experimental field condition, comprehensively considering the physiological characteristics and pod yield characteristic, the characteristics were increased with the nitrogen application rates in the plant density of 120 000 plant/hm², the appropriate plant density of single seed planting in peanut is 200 000 plant/hm² and the nitrogen application rate is 115 kg/hm².