广西育成大豆品种亲本分析

为提高优异品种选育效率，本研究对广西已育成的39个大豆品种系谱进行追溯，分析其亲本组配方式、地理来源及细胞核（质）遗传贡献，结果表明，育成的39个大豆品种（春大豆28个，夏大豆11个）来源于40个细胞核祖先亲本，17个细胞质祖先亲本；来源于广西本地、外省和国外祖先亲本的核（质）遗传贡献率分别为39.42 %（58.98%）、45.75 %（38.46%）和14.83 %（2.56%）；核祖先亲本主要来源于广西本地及生态条件相近的我国南方、巴西和美国。春大豆育成品种细胞质祖先亲本主要来源于广西、湖北和北京，夏大豆育成品种细胞质祖先亲本主要来源于广西、湖北和上海；2006年以来，96%的大豆育成品种是以育成品种和国外引种作为亲本组配而成；归纳出靖西早黄豆等8个核心春大豆祖先亲本，平果豆等5个夏大豆核心祖先亲本。广西大豆育成品种核遗传基础较为丰富，但还需加强新种质研究利用，以扩大品种的核质基础。   

Parental analysis of soybean cultivars released in Guangxi

By 2018, 39 soybean cultivars were bred in Guangxi, and their pedigrees were studied to analyze the formula, geographical origin and genetic contribution value of nucleus (quality). The results showed that, 39 cultivars（28 spring soybeans and 11 summer soybeans）were traced back to 40 nuclear and 17 cytoplasmic ancestors. The genetic contribution rates of nucleus (cytoplasmics) from native, other provinces and foreign ancestral parents were 39.42% (58.98%), 45.75% (38.46%) and 14.83% (2.56%) respectively. The parents of nuclear ancestors mainly came from southern China, Brazil and the United States with similar local and ecological conditions in Guangxi, the ancestor parents of spring soybean germplasm mainly came from Guangxi, Hubei and Beijing, the ancestor parents of summer soybean germplasms mainly came from Guangxi, Hubei and Shanghai; Since 2006, 96% of soybean cultivars had been bred by parent combination of bred soybean cultivars and foreign introduced soybean cultivars; Eight core spring soybean ancestors such as Jingxizaohuangdou and five core summer soybean ancestors such as Pingguodou were summarized. The genetic basis of soybean varieties in Guangxi was relatively rich, but it was necessary to strengthen the research and utilization of New Germplasms in order to expand the nuclear-cytoplasmic basis of soybean varieties.