芸薹属及其他异源多倍体植物的基因表达特征研究进展

远缘杂交及异源多倍化导致许多重要作物的起源与进化，而芸薹属栽培异源四倍种是研究作物异源多倍化的模式系统之一。异源多倍体是如何调控及协调来自不同二倍体祖先的不同基因组的遗传行为及基因表达，是过去二十年间的研究热点和重要的生物学问题。利用不断发展的分子生物学技术，一方面揭示出芸薹属及其他多倍体物种基因组表现出动态性质，即在形成初期及长期进化过程中持续发生遗传及表观遗传的变化；另一方面发现异源多倍化过程中伴随着大量的基因表达模式改变，包括非加性表达、超亲表达、表达水平显性、部分同源偏向表达、基因剂量平衡效应等现象。上述基因组结构、表观遗传改变以及基因表达模式的调控，使新产生的多倍体得以成功进化为新物种。

Gene expression patterns in Brassica and other allopolyploid plants

Interspecific hybridization and allopolyploidization lead to the origin of many important crops, and the cultivated Brassica allotetraploids have become one of the most widely used models. During last two decades, it has been popular to study how the allopolyploids regulate and coordinate genetic behavior and gene expression of genomes from different progenitors. By using the constantly developing molecular biological technology, dynamic nature of polyploid genomes has been revealed in Brassica and other allopolyploids, with the occurrence of genetic and epigenetic alterations at the initial stage and during evolution process. The obvious changes have also been found in gene expressions, including non-additive expression, transgressive expression, expression level dominance, homoeolog expression bias, effects of dosage-balance, etc. These remodulations of genome structure, epigenetic and gene expression patterns have contributed to the evolutionary success of novel allopolyploids into new species in nature.