利用菘蓝创建抗病毒油菜及新的雄性不育／恢复系统

十字花科菘蓝为我国传统的染料与药用植物，其基因组结构及遗传方面的研究较少。我们在十多年间系统开展了甘蓝型油菜与菘蓝的体细胞杂种合成及后代的选育，鉴定出全套甘蓝型油菜-菘蓝附加系，分解了菘蓝的基因组、确定了每条染色体上所携带的基因、基因所决定的代谢产物；特别是发现三个附加系具有较强的抗流感病毒活性，它们作为蔬菜、饲料、饲料添加剂及制药原料有重要的应用前景；培育出雄蕊心皮化发育的新型甘蓝型油菜细胞质雄性不育系（命名为“菘油”CMS），其线粒体DNA为双亲重组体，大部分来自菘蓝；将特定菘蓝染色体上与雄蕊发育相关的染色体片段导入甘蓝型油菜而获得“菘油”CMS的恢复系，从而实现了三系配套。

Utilization of Chinese woad to develop antiviral rapeseed and the novel cytoplasmic male sterility/fertility restoration system #br#

Chinese woad (Isatis indigotica Fort., 2n = 14, II), which belongs to the Isatideae tribe of Brassicaceae family has been widely cultivated as a medicinal and dye plant from ancient times, and its root (Radix Isatidis) is common medicine for the indications of eruptive epidemic diseases caused by bacteria and viruses, but its genetics and genome structure are not well studied. For more than 10 years the intertribal somatic hybrid (2n = 52, AACCII) between rapeseed (Brassica napus L., 2n = 38, AACC) and Chinese woad have been produced and backcrossed recurrently to parental rapeseed, leading to the establishment of a complete set of alien additional lines with each woad chromosome in the rapeseed background for the dissection of woad genome. Specifically, three additions with larger biomass than woad showed strong activity against influenza viruses, which provided novel vegetable for human and fodder or feed additives for livestock. Additionally, one new cytoplasmic male sterile line（inap CMS）was produced, and showed carpelloid stamens but contained recombinant mitochondrial DNA. Fertility restoration line for inap CMS was produced by the introgression of the chromosomal segment carrying the anther development related gene(s) from one particular woad chromosome.