杂交大豆配合力及杂种优势分析

为了提高杂交大豆育种效率，进一步提高杂交大豆产量。本研究以5份大豆细胞质雄性不育系为母本，12份恢复系为父本，采用NCⅡ设计方法组配60个杂交组合，对产量、单株荚数、单株粒数和每荚粒数分别进行杂种优势、配合力效应、及其与F1性状的相关性分析。结果表明，F1产量性状中亲优势组合占全部组合的55%，超高亲优势组合占30%，中亲和超高亲优势均?20%的占15%。单株荚数、单株粒数、每荚粒数等产量相关性状的中亲优势组合分别占55%、56.67%和23.33%，超高亲优势率均为负值。17份亲本材料的一般配合力（general combining ability，GCA）变化范围为-27.94%～56.62%，其中6份材料表现为正效应；30个杂交组合的特殊配合力（special combining ability，SCA）为正值，占总体的50%。此外，SCA与F1籽粒产量和单株荚数的杂种优势及其性状值均相关；GCA与产量性状值和单株粒数的中亲优势呈极显著相关，与单株荚数的中亲优势、单株粒数、每荚粒数的超高亲优势及性状值呈显著相关；各性状SCA与GCA之间不相关。单株荚数和单株粒数对产量的贡献较大。产量杂种优势强的组合双亲除具有高的一般配合力，而且兼具有较高的特殊配合力。

Analysis of combining ability and heterosis of hybrid soybean

In order to improve the breeding efficiency and predictability on hybrid soybean, and finally realize the the aim of higher soybean yields, 5 soybean cytoplasmic male sterile lines as the mother lines and 12 restoration lines as the father lines were used to developed 60 combinations according to NCII method. Combining ability of yield-related traits, heterosis of yields, pods and seeds per plant, and seeds per pod were evaluated. Among the hybridized combinations, the positive mid-parent yield heterosis combinations accounted for 55%, heterobeltiosis combinations accounted for 30%, and more than 20% of mid-parent and over-high parent heterosis accounted for 15%. The mid-parent heterosis of pods and seeds per plant, and seeds per pod accounted for 55%, 56.67% and 23.33% respectively, and the over-high parent heterosis rate was negative. The yield of general combining ability （GCA） of 17 parent materials varied from -27.94%~56.62%，only 6 parental lines showed a positive effect. In addition， Special combining ability （SCA） of 30 combinations all showed a positive effect. Heterosis of yields and seeds per plant were related to SCA; GCA was significantly correlated to yield traits. The seed number of mid-parent heterosis was significantly related to the pod number of mid-parent heterosis， the heterosis yields of over-high parent heterosis， pods and seeds per plant， seeds per pod. SCA had no correlation with GCA in the 4 yield-related traits. The higher yield heterosis combination parents had a higher general combining ability and a higher special combining ability.