南方稻区冷浸田及综合种养开发利用技术

本文分析了南方稻区冷浸田概况，包括分布、形成、特点、判定方法及利用现状。针对南方稻区冷浸田面积较大、利用率低的现状，进行了冷浸田开发利用技术试验。结果表明，冷浸田厢沟凼式“稻+鳖+鲤”模式效益达88 586元/hm²，产投比2.062，远高于冷浸田单种稻模式（效益1 969元/hm²，产投比1.138），也高于普通田厢沟凼式“稻+鳖+鲤”模式（效益64 860元/hm²，产投比1.761）。在试验基础上，总结了冷浸田综合种养开发利用技术要点：冷浸田厢沟凼式立体结构改造、耕作与施肥技术改良、“稻+鳖+鲤”综合种养。冷浸田综合种养开发利用对提高冷浸田利用率、保障粮食安全具有重要意义。

Development and Utilization Technology of Cold Coaked Field and Comprehensive Planting and Breeding in Southern Rice Area

The distribution, formation, characteristics, definition methods and the current situation of utilization of cold soaked fields in southern rice area were analyzed in this paper. In view of the current situation of large area and low utilization rate of cold-soaked fields in southern rice area, research on the development and utilization technology of cold-soaked fields was carried out. The results showed that the benefit of the “rice + turtle +carp” model in the cold-soak field was 88 586 yuan/hm², and the production-to-investment ratio was 2.062, which was much higher than that of the single-plant rice model in the cold-soak field （the benefit was 1 969 yuan/hm², and the production-to-investment ratio was 1.138）, and higher than the “rice + turtle + carp” model in ordinary fields（the benefit was 64 860 yuan/hm², and the production-to-investment ratio was 1.761）. On the basis of the experiment, the technical points of comprehensive planting and breeding development and utilization in cold-soaked fields are summarized: renovation of the three-dimensional structure of cold-soaked fields, improvement of farming and fertilization technology, comprehensive cultivation of “rice + turtle + carp”. The development and utilization of comprehensive planting and breeding in cold-soaked fields is of great significance to improve the utilization rate of cold-soaked fields and ensure food security.