不同施肥方式和播种量对华南直播稻产量的影响

水稻直播是一种轻简高效栽培模式,具有良好的应用前景。在粤西直播稻区开展大田试验,探究不同施肥方式（习惯法和“三控”法）和播种量（2.0、3.5、5.0、6.5、8.0和10.0 kg/667 m²）对直播稻产量的影响。结果表明,与习惯法施肥相比,采用“三控”法施肥的水稻有效穗数和结实率分别降低20.1%和5.1%,但每穗颖花数增加31.6%,稻谷产量增加11.3%。随着播种量的增加,水稻有效穗数从304万/ hm²增加到464万/hm²,每穗颖花数从112.09个降低到81.90个;稻谷产量以播种量为3.5 kg/667 m²的处理最高,达6.66 t/hm²。综上所述,华南直播稻生产应选择每穗颖花数多、收获指数高且千粒重大的品种,播种量3.5 kg/667 m²,采用“三控”法施肥。

Effects of Different Fertilization Technologies and Sowing Rates on Grain Yield of Direct Seeded Rice in South China

Direct seeding of rice is a simplified and high-efficient cultivation model with good application prospects. A field experiment was carried out in the direct-seeding rice area in western Guangdong, and the effects of different fertilization methods （farmer fertilization method and “three control” fertilization method） and sowing rates （2.0, 3.5, 5.0, 6.5, 8.0 and 10.0 kg/667 m²） on yield of the direct-seeding rice were studied. The results showed that, compared with farmer fertilization method, the effective panicle number and seed setting rate of rice using the “three-control” fertilization method decreased by 20.1% and 5.1%, respectively, but the number of spikelets per panicle increased by 31.6%, and the grain yield increased by 11.3%. With the increase of seeding rate, the number of effective panicles of rice increased from 3.04 million/hm² to 4.64 million/hm², and the number of spikelets per panicle decreased from 112.09 to 81.90. When the sowing rate was 3.5 kg/667 m², the grain yield reached 6.66 t/ hm², which was the highest among all sowing rate treatments. In summary, the varieties with a large number of spikelets per panicle, a high harvest index and a large thousand grains are suitable for direct-seeding rice production in South China, with a sowing rate of 3.5 kg/667 m² and the “three controls” fertilization technology.