中国稻谷储藏技术及装备的现状及发展趋势

水稻作为我国的三大主粮之一,近10年总产量连续稳定在2亿t以上。稻谷的储备关系着我国的粮食安全。随着科学技术的进步,稻谷储藏面临着新的机遇和挑战,传统稻谷储藏技术正逐步升级为以气调储藏和低温储藏为主线的绿色储藏技术;与绿色储藏技术相配套的设施设备也得到很大的提升。但在稻谷储藏过程中也存在一些挑战,当前高水分稻谷储藏已经成为常态、优质稻耐储性差、品种和产量越来越多,对应急方法、储藏管理和技术都提出了更高的要求,同时由于一些储藏设施和设备的不完善,导致稻谷的储藏损失率依然很高,也限制了绿色储粮技术的推进。本文系统综述了稻谷储藏技术和装备的现状,分析了存在的主要问题及未来发展趋势,以期为稻谷绿色优质储藏的研究及应用提供依据。

Present Situation and Development Trend of Rice Storage Technology and Equipment in China

Rice is one of the three main grains in China, and the total output level has been stable at over 200 million tons in the past 10 years. The storage of rice concerns and food security in China. With the advancement of science and technology, the storage technology of rice is facing new opportunities and challenges. At present, the traditional storage technology of rice is gradually being upgraded to the green storage technology with controlled atmosphere storage and low-temperature storage as the main line. Facilities and equipment gear to green storage technology have also been greatly improved. There are also some challenges in the process of rice storage. At present, the storage of high-moisture rice requires high-stardand emergency methods, storage management and technology. At the same time, due to the imperfection of some storage facilities and equipment, the storage loss rate of rice is still very high, which also limits the promotion of the green storage technology of rice. This paper systematically reviews the status quo of rice storage technology and equipment, and analyzes the main problems and the future development trend. It is expected to lay a certain theoretical basis for the research and application of green quality storage of rice.