川东南轻简栽培方式再生稻产量构成特征和经济效益分析

为了探明轻简栽培方式对中稻⁺再生稻产量构成特征和经济效益的影响,以黄华占和金农丝苗为材料,于2017年在四川泸州进行不同栽培方式（翻耕移栽、翻耕直播、免耕移栽）的大田试验,分析了中稻-再生稻干物质生产特性、产量、产量构成和经济效益。结果表明,不同栽培方式间头季稻产量差异不显著。翻耕直播头季稻产量较翻耕移栽平均增加3.5%,免耕移栽头季稻产量与翻耕移栽相当。再生季产量表现为翻耕移栽>免耕移栽>翻耕直播的趋势,但各栽培方式间差异不显著。与翻耕移栽相比,翻耕直播头季稻有效穗数较多而每穗粒数较少,成熟期干物质较高而收获指数较低。翻耕直播再生季有效穗数较多而每穗粒数和结实率较少。免耕移栽与翻耕移栽在有效穗数、每穗粒数、结实率、千粒重、干物质和收获指数上差异不显著。不同栽培方式之间产值差异较小,但经济效益差异较大。与翻耕移栽相比,翻耕直播、免耕移栽的经济效益分别增加0.4%和6.2%。可见,头季稻高产途径是培育足够的有效穗数和提高千粒重,再生季高产途径是在足穗的基础上,协同提高结实率和千粒重。轻简化栽培技术具有节本、省工、经济效益高等优点,在川东南地区具有很大的发展前景。

Analysis on Yield Components and Economic Efficiency of Ratoon Rice under Simplified Cultivation in Southeast Sichuan Province

In order to clarify the effects of simplified cultivations （conventional tillage and transplanting, CTTP;conventional tillage and direct seeding, CTDS; no-tillage and transplanting, NTTP）on yield components and economic efficiency in rice-ratoon rice system, a field experiment with two cultivars（Huanghuazhan and Jinnongsimiao） was conducted in Luzhou in 2017. The characteristics of biomass production, yield and yield components and economic efficiency of first season rice and ratoon rice were analyzed. The results showed that there was no significant difference in grain yield of first season rice among three cultivation methods. The grain yield of first season rice under CTDS was 3.5% higher than CTTP. The grain yield of first season rice under NTTP was equivalent to CTTP. The trend of the ratoon rice yield was CTTP>NTTP>CTDS, but the difference were not significant. Compared with CTTP, the first season rice under CTDS was characterized by more panicles per unit area but less spikelets per panicle, higher dry matter weight but lower harvest index at maturity; the ratoon rice under CTDS was characterized by more panicles per unit area but less spikelets per panicle and lower seed setting rate. The difference in effective panicles, spikelets per panicle, seed setting rate, thousand grain weight, dry matter weight and harvest index were relatively small between NTTP and CTTP. There were no significantly difference in output value among different cultivation methods, but the difference of economic benefits were large. Compared with CTTP, the economic benefits of CTDS and NTTP were increased by 0.4% and 6.2%, respectively. In conclusion, increasing panicles per unit area and thousand grain weight may be the feasible approach to achieve high yield for first season rice, and improving panicles per unit area, seed setting rate and thousand grain weight may be the feasible approach to achieve high yield for ratoon rice. Simplified cultivation technique has the advantages of saving cost, saving labor and high economic benefit, and has great development prospects in southeast Sichuan.