苏北地区粳稻生产中化学品投入普遍过量的原因及减投方案

通过调查发现,苏北地区粳稻生产中普遍存在化学品过量施用的现象,分析了其原因并提出了针对性减肥减药技术方案。方案主要包括：⑴选用适宜品种;⑵培育长秧龄壮秧、普施“出嫁药肥”;⑶麦秸全量还田;⑷浅耕地且防基肥渗漏;⑸抢早扩行移栽;⑹通气式灌溉、高质量搁田;⑺分蘖肥减量增效、施足穗肥;⑻综合防控。采用此减投技术,在化学品投入下降28%~42%的情况下,还能保障苏北地区粳稻成穗量充足、群体质量优良、病虫草害得到有效防控,进而实现“化投大降、产量不减、防效不降、安全高质”。

Reasons for the General Excessive Chemical Input in the Production of Japonica Rice in Northern Jiangsu and the Reduction Plan

Through investigations, the author found that excessive application of chemicals was common in the production of japonica rice in northern Jiangsu, at the same time, put forwarded the technical scheme of reducing fertilizer and pesticide. The scheme include: (1) selecting suitable varieties; (2) cultivating strong seedlings with long seedling age; (3) popularizing the application of fertilizer before transplanting; (3) returning wheat straw to the field; (4) shallow ploughing and base fertilizer leakage proof; (5) early transplanting and increased line spacing; (6) aerated irrigation and high-quality roasted fields; (7) reducing and increasing efficiency of tiller fertilizer and applying enough panicle fertilizer; (8) comprehensive prevention and control. Under the condition that chemical inputs are reduced by 28%~42%, this scheme of japonica rice in northern Jiangsu can also ensure that the number of panicles is sufficient, the population quality is good, and the diseases, pests and weeds can be effectively prevented and controlled, so as to achieve the goal of “chemical input greatly reduced, rice yield not reduced, control effect not reduced, safety and high quality rice”.