2020年我国审定的水稻品种基本特性分析

归纳分析了2020年我国通过省级以上审定水稻品种的基本特性。2020年我国通过省级以上审定的水稻品种共有1 936个次（574个品种通过国家审定）,籼型常规稻、籼型三系杂交稻、籼型两系杂交稻、粳型常规稻、籼粳交杂交稻和不育系分别为144、670、582、424、45和71个,其中,国审品种数比2019年增加54.30%,非国审品种数比2019年增加43.07%。2020年通过审定的籼型常规稻、籼型两系杂交稻、籼型三系杂产稻、粳型常规稻和粳型杂交稻区试产量分别为519.59、609.99、589.82、610.00和685.30 kg/667 m²,除粳型常规稻外,其他类型品种的区试产量相比2015—2019年均有一定程度提升。2020年国审品种优质达标率为78.57%,非国审水稻品种优质达标率为60.61%,均比2019年有提高,表现好。2020年通过审定的品种综合抗性表现总体仍不够好,国审品种中仅13.59%的品种对稻瘟病表现为中抗以上水平,仅5.11%的品种对白叶枯病表现为中抗,非国审品种中仅34.08%的品种对稻瘟病表现为中抗以上水平,仅20.09%的品种对白叶枯病表现为中抗以上水平,但有部分品种对稻瘟病和白叶枯病表现出高抗。

Analysis on Characteristics of Rice Varieties Registered in China in 2020

The basic characteristics of the rice varieties that have passed the provincial or national certification in China in 2020 are analyzed. In 2020, there were 1,936 rice varieties approved at or above the provincial level in China （574 varieties passed the national approval）, including 144 conventional indica rice, 582 two lines hybrid indica rice, 680 three lines hybrid indica rice, 424 conventional japonica rice, 45 hybrid japonica rice and 71 sterile lines. The number of nationally approved varieties increased by 54.30% and the number of non-nationally approved varieties increased by 43.07% compared with 2019. The regional test yields of conventional indica rice, two-line hybrid indica rice, three-line hybrid indica rice, conventional japonica rice, and hybrid japonica rice approved in 2020 were 519.59, 609.99, 589.82, 610.00 and 685.30 kg/667 m²,except for conventional japonica rice, the regional test yields of other types of varieties have increased to a certain extent compared to 2015—2019. In 2020, the high-quality compliance rate of nationally approved varieties was 78.57% and the high-quality compliance rate of non-nationally approved rice varieties was 60.61%, both of which are higher than that in 2019, and their performance has been quite good. The comprehensive resistance performance of the varieties approved in 2020 is still not good enough. Among the nationally approved varieties, only 13.59% of the varieties were moderately resistant to rice blast, and only 5.11% of the varieties were moderately resistant to bacterial blight, the proportions of the non-nationally approved varieties were 34.08% and 20.09%, respectively. However, some varieties show high resistance to rice blast and bacterial blight.