安徽沿江平原区播期对稻麦周年产量、生育期及温光资源利用的影响

研究了安徽沿江平原稻区不同播期对稻麦周年产量、生育期及温光资源利用的影响,以为科学选用稻麦模式适宜水稻品种类型提供参考。结果表明,播期对不同类型水稻产量影响大小表现为迟熟中籼>中熟中粳>早熟晚粳>迟熟中粳>中熟晚粳;随播期推迟,迟熟中籼、早熟晚粳和中熟晚粳水稻产量均显著下降,播期对中熟中粳、迟熟中粳产量的影响则不明显。不同类型水稻品种与适播期春小麦接茬周年产量高低表现为“迟熟中籼稻-春小麦”>“中熟晚粳稻-春小麦”>“迟熟中粳稻-春小麦”>“早熟晚粳稻-春小麦”>“中熟中粳稻-春小麦”。在稻麦不同种植模式中,5月20日前播种的“迟熟中籼稻-春小麦”模式周年温光资源利用效率最高,较目前6月9日播种的“早熟晚粳稻-春小麦”模式的周年温光生产效率提高16.26%以上、周年光能利用效率提高18.06%以上。

Effects of Sowing Date on Yield,Growth Period and Utilization of Temperature and Light Resources of Rice-wheat Mode in the Plain Region Along the Yangtze River of Anhui Province

For the scientific selection of rice varieties suitable for the rice-wheat double cropping system, the effects of sowing date on the annual yield, growth period and utilization of temperature and light resources of rice-wheat double cropping system in the plain area along the Yangtze River of Anhui Province were studied. The results showed that the effects of sowing date on the yield of different types of rice was late-maturing medium indica rice>medium-maturing medium japonica rice>early-maturing late japonica rice>late-maturing medium japonica rice >mid-maturing late japonica rice. The yield of late-maturing medium indica rice, early-maturing late japonica rice and mid-maturing late japonica rice all decreased significantly with the postponement of the sowing date, and the sowing date had no obvious effect on the yield of mid-maturing medium japonica rice and late-maturing medium japonica rice. The annual yield of different types of rice varieties and spring wheat at suitable sowing time was as follows: “late-maturing medium indica rice-spring wheat” > “mid-maturing late japonica rice -spring wheat” > “late-maturing medium indica rice-spring wheat” > “early-maturing late japonica rice -spring wheat” > “medium-maturing medium japonica rice-spring wheat”. Among the different rice-wheat double cropping models, the annual temperature and light utilization efficiency of the “ late-maturing medium indica rice sown before May 20-spring wheat” model was the highest, compared with the“early-maturing late japonica sown before June 9th -spring wheat” model, the annual temperature and light production efficiency is increased by more than 16.26%, and the annual light energy utilization efficiency is increased by more than 18.06%.