中微量元素肥料不同用量对超级稻品种倒伏及产量的影响

为了明确中微量元素肥料(主要成份Ca O、MgO、SiO_2和ZnO含量分别为20%、12%、10%和3%)不同用量对超级稻抗倒伏能力和产量形成的影响,于2014年早、晚季以超级稻品种天优3618为材料,设置4个用量水平(F0,对照,全生育期不施用,F1、F2和F3用量分别为25 kg/667 m~2、50 kg/667 m~2和75 kg/667 m~2)进行大田试验,研究中微量元素肥料施用对水稻的茎秆抗折力、形态结构和产量形成的影响。结果表明,中微量元素肥料的施用显著降低了早晚稻的倒伏指数和重心高度,与对照相比,F1和F2处理分别使水稻的倒伏指数和重心高度下降10.50%、8.37%和2.56%、2.22%;显著提高了水稻的单株和单茎抗折力、节间抗折力、节间的鲜质量百分比和茎壁厚度,分别较对照平均提高10.78%、13.49%、12.33%、11.93%和4.81%;同时基部不同节间对中微量元素肥料的响应存在差异,其中第2节间倒伏指数的下降幅度较第3节间多5.51个百分点,而第2节间的鲜质量百分比、鲜质量/干质量、茎壁厚度和粗度则分别多增加3.55个、2.41个、0.98个和0.19个百分点;中微量元素肥料的施用也有利于水稻产量的形成,但除成穗率和抽穗期绿叶面积外,其他指标各处理与对照的差异并未达显著水平。上述结果表明,中微量元素肥料能提高水稻的抗倒伏能力,有利于水稻产量的形成,其适宜用量为25~50 kg/667 m~2。

Effects of Secondary Element and Microelement Fertilizer Application on Lodging Resis-tance and Yield of Super Rice

A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of secondary element and microelement fertilizer(main compo-nent contains CaO, MgO, ZnO and SiO2, with content of 20%, 12%, 10%and 3%, respectively) on the lodging resistance and yield of Tianyou 3618, at Guangzhou with four levels of fertilizer application (F0, F1, F2 and F3 referred to 0, 25, 50 and 75 kg/667 m2 in whole growth period, respectively) in 2014. The results showed that secondary element and microelement fertilizer decreased the lodg-ing index and the height of gravity center. The lodging index of F1 and F2 treatments were significantly decreased by 10.50% and 8.37% respectively, and the gravity center height were decreased by 2.56% and 2.22% respectively. The breaking resistance of the plant, stem, and basal internodes were significant increased by 10.78%, 13.49% and 12.33%, and the fresh weight percentage and culm wall thickness of the internode were significant increased by 11.93% and 4.81%, respectively.The secondary and microelement fertilizer had significant effects on the lodging index of basal internodes. Compared with the third internodes, the lodging index of sec-ond internode decreased by 5.51 percentage points, and the internode fresh weight percentage, fresh weight/dry weight, internode culm wall thickness and internode diameter increased by 3.55, 2.41, 0.98 and 0.19 percentage points. The secondary and microelement fer-tilizer significant increased the spike rate and green leaves area of the heading period. These results showed that the secondary and microelement fertilizer was beneficial to the formation of rice yield, improved rice lodging resistance. The suitable amount of the sec-ondary and microelement fertilizer application was 25~50 kg/667 m2.