光身型粳稻嘉58超高产群体特征分析

以光身粳稻嘉58为材料,于2014年、2015年通过调控栽培措施构建了超高产(产量≥11.25 t/hm2)、高产(11.25 t/hm2产量≥9.75 t/hm2)和一般生产产量(9.75 t/hm2产量≥7.5 t/hm2)3个产量群体,对3个产量群体的产量构成特征、茎蘖生长动态、叶面积动态及构成、干物质积累转运等地上部特征进行了追踪调查。结果表明,与高产群体、一般生产产量群体相比,超高产群体的结实率和千粒重差异不显著,但总颖花量极显著提高;超高产群体在有效分蘖临界期至拔节期的茎蘖增加平缓、无效分蘖发生少、高峰苗低、茎蘖衰减平缓、成穗率高;超高产群体的叶面积指数、抽穗期后干物质积累量、收获指数均显著提高。提出了嘉58的超高产群体的主要经济指标并讨论了其高产栽培技术。

Analysis on Population Characteristics for Super High Yielding Glabrous Japonica Rice Jia 58

The yield components, tillers dynamic, leaf area index dynamic, dry matter accumulation and harvest index of three yield populations (super-high-yielding field, SHYF≥11.25 t/hm2; high-yielding field, 11.25 t/hm2>HYF≥9.75 t/hm2; common production field, 9.75 t/hm2>PF≥7.5 t/hm2) were researched in 2014 and 2015, with Jia58, a glabrous japonica rice, as material. The results showed that total spikelets of SHYF were higher than HYF and PF obviously, the difference of seed setting rate and 1 000-grain weight were similar. The tillers of SHYF increased more placid than HYF and PF, the number of invalid tiller and the highest titller were smaller, the ratio of productive tiller percentage was higher during critical period of effective tiller to jointing stage. Meanwhile, the leaf area index, biomass at heading stage and harvest index of SHYF significantly improved, compared with HYF and PF. The key economic indicators and the cultivation techniques of Jia 58 were discussed in this study.