豫南“籼改粳”理论与技术研究进展

简要介绍了豫南稻区"籼改粳"的基本情况和在理论技术方面的研究进展。高温、稻瘟病和纹枯病、三代三化螟危害是豫南粳稻产量低、品质差的三大障碍因子,而播期早是产生障碍的根源,推迟粳稻播期是"籼改粳"的关键技术;豫南"籼稻-小麦"轮作存在制度缺陷,推迟粳稻播期可以得到修复,因秧龄过长而减产、机插秧以及抛秧难以利用等问题得到解决;增产提质、机械化、轻简化、规模化生产是"籼改粳"的必然选择;"东粳西移"是解决豫南粳稻品种利用的有效途径;机插秧、抛秧有利于实现粳稻推迟播种,而"泥质法"育秧解决了高温条件下育秧的问题,提高了机插秧、抛秧的秧苗素质;粳稻晚播稻瘟病、纹枯病和三化螟已不再是豫南"籼改粳"的毁灭性病虫害,恶苗病、干尖线虫病、稻蓟马、稻曲病上升为主要病虫害;水稻两段栽培技术是根据水稻高产稳产生长发育规律,分别从群体、形态和机能构建三个方面进行栽培设计,按照营养生长和生殖生长两个阶段进行定向培育的一种栽培方法,不仅高产稳产,而且减肥减药。

Research Progress on the Theory and Technology of "Changing Indica Rice to Japonica Rice"in South Henan

This paper briefly introduced the basic situation and theoretical and technological progress of "changing indica rice to japonica rice"in the south of Henan Province. High temperature, rice blast and sheath blight, the three generation of stem borer dam-age were the three obstacle factors to the low yield and poor quality of japonica rice in South Henan, and early sowing was the root cause, delaying sowing time of japonica rice was the key technology of"changing indica rice to japonica rice";institutional defects of"indica rice-wheat"rotation in south Henan could be repaired by delayed sowing time of japonica rice, reduction of output because of the long seedling age transplanting, mechanical transplanting and throw-planting difficult to utilize could be solved; to increase pro-duction and improve quality, to adapt to mechanization, light simplification and large-scale production, was the inevitable choice for"changing indica rice to japonica rice";"east japonica rice to west"was an effective way to solve variety utilization of japonica rice in southern Henan; mechanical transplanting and throw-planting were in favor of realizing delaying sowing of japonica rice, and"silt open seedling raising" solved the problem of raising seedlings under high temperature conditions, and improved the seedling quality;rice blast, sheath blight and yellow borer were not the devastating diseases and insect pest in "changing indica rice to japonica rice"in delayed sowing of japonica rice, bakanae disease, stem tip nematode, rice thrips, rice false smut were rising as the main diseases and insect pests; the two-stages cultivation was a cultivation method of directional cultivation accordance with the vegetative growth and reproductive growth, based on the growth and development of high yield of rice, designed from rice population, shapes, function construction. It could get high and stable yield, reduce fertilizer and pesticides.