马铃薯种间体细胞杂种植株的细胞学观察和过氧化物同工酶谱分析

对马铃薯双单倍体品系81－15（2n＝2x－24）和南美二倍体栽培种Solanumphureja（2n＝2x＝24）体细胞融合获得的15个林系、81－15和二倍体野生种S．chacoense（2n＝2x＝24）体细胞融合获得的10个株系进行了细胞学鉴定和过氧化物同工酶谱分析。结果表明，杂种植株除一个株系为非整倍体外（染色体数为37），其余株系均为四倍体（2n＝2x＝48），是两个亲本的染色体数之和。与二倍体的双亲相比，杂种植株的叶下表皮气孔保卫细胞内叶绿体数目较多，但单位面积气孔数目较少，明显地表现出了四倍体的特征。杂种植株的过氧化物同工酶谱是其双亲酶谱谱带的总和。

CYTOLOGICAL OBSERVATION AND PEROXIDASE ISOENZYME ANALYSIS OF INTER-SPECIFIC SOMATIC HYBRID PLANTS IN POTATO

The results from the assay of 15 somatic hybrid plants obtained by protoplast electrofusion between an anther culture derived dihaploid of Solanum tuberosstn strain 81-15 and aSouth American diploid cultivated species S. phureja, and 10 somatic hybrid plants betweenthe 81-15 and a diploid wild species S. chacoense by cytological observation and peroxidaseisoenzyme analysis showed that the checked somatic hybrid plants were tetraploids (2n=4x=48) except one aneuploid plant (chromosome numbers were 37). The chloroplast numberof epidemic stomatal guard cells of leaf lower side from somatic hybrids increased and thestomata number per unit area reduced in contrast with their diploid parents. The hybridplants had not only the peroxidase bands of their both parents, but also wider or darker ones.